In recent years, there has been a rapid spread of economic instruments (EIs) in environmental policies of OECD Member countries. The application of EIs has gained wider political acceptability and, in a growing number of cases, they have come to have...

The environmental implications of international trade have come under intensified scrutiny in recent years, particularly with expanded interest in multilateralism, regionalism, and other negotiated trade regimes. The transfer of environmental...

China is emerging as a leading Pacific economy in the 1990s. This paper examines the implications of China's entry into the world market for the OECD countries as well as for the regional economies of Asia and the Pacific. It argues that the shares...

Il est désormais admis qu'on ne peut pas mettre au point un programme d'ajustement sans tenir compte des réactions politiques qu'il peut susciter. Les expériences malheureuses de pays où les troubles provoqués par des mesures de stabilisation ont...

This paper reports on the construction of an Input-Output table for the economy of Morocco. The table is calibrated to the year 1990 and details the interactions between 133 primary, manufacturing, and service sectors, relying on a combination of a...

A number of Asian countries have been able to follow the example of Japan and develop sophisticated industrial economies in a relatively short time. Specifically, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan have become known as the "Four Tigers" of...

This paper presents the results of a survey of micro-enterprises undertaken in Ecuador and Jamaica. The purpose was to understand the relationships between these countries' institutional and legal regulations, the degree of compliance by firms and...

Ce document technique présente les résultats d'une enquête sur l'impact des réglementations juridiques et fiscales sur les micro-entreprises en Algérie. Le cas algérien se distingue de ceux des autres pays du programme de recherche (Niger, Swaziland,...

Electronics has become critically important in every country's attempt to restructure or build its competitiveness. The developments in electronics have given rise to an industry with an unprecedented growth record in terms of sales and exports,...

This paper presents the results of a survey of the impact of regulations and taxes on small and micro enterprises, considered here as part of the informal sector, in Thailand. The survey covered a large sample of enterprises (more than 500) in...

Like most petroleum producing countries, Indonesia experienced a sharp deterioration in its export conditions during the early 1980s. Given the country's heavy reliance on oil taxation and relatively low per capita income, this exogenous shock...

This document presents the different debt-reduction measures from which Niger has benefited since 1983. The country had a sizeable debt with commercial banks, resulting from the development of the uranium mining. Thus, to reschedule its public debt,...

This paper presents the results of a survey of the impact of regulations and taxes on micro enterprises, considered here as part of the informal sector, in Tunisia. Its purpose is to determine the extent to which small entrepreneurs comply with...

This paper presents a dynamic model simulating the Mexican economy, concentrating on the effects of public indebtedness. Three main variables are at the heart of the economic dynamic which is described here: the real domestic interest rate, the price...

The last decade has exemplified a retrenchment of bank lending in developing countries. International banks strive to boost capital ratios, thereby raising equity, reducing their less profitable assets and rebalancing portfolios towards less risky...

This Technical Paper presents the results of research on the impact of taxation and other regulations on micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in two countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The fiscal and other regulations of the countries studied — Niger and...

This study develops a conceptual framework for analysing the ways in which changes in the economic environment modify factor productivity. It focuses on the technology actually used in production — implemented technology — rather than the generation...

Structural adjustment, liberalisation and the pressures of technological change are having major impact on the institutional organisation of the agro-industrial sector. In industrialised countries, the private sector is positioned to play the...

The study examines agricultural development in Namibia in the context of the economic environment, with a view to providing policy perspectives which may assist in the process of reform towards a more equitable and dynamic economy. It shows that the...

This study examines the potential impact of changes in the public/private sector balance for biotechnology development and diffusion in developing country agriculture. It focuses on biotechnology related to two important developing country crops:...