1887

Revenue Statistics in Asia and the Pacific 2023

Strengthening Property Taxation in Asia

image of Revenue Statistics in Asia and the Pacific 2023

This annual publication compiles comparable tax revenue statistics for 30 economies, including Armenia, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, People’s Republic of China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Indonesia, Japan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nauru, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tokelau, Vanuatu and Viet Nam. Additionally, it provides information on non-tax revenues for selected economies. The publication applies the OECD Revenue Statistics methodology to Asian and Pacific economies, facilitating consistent comparison of tax levels and structures within the region as well as globally. This tenth edition of the report includes a special feature on strengthening property taxation in Asia. The publication is jointly produced by the OECD’s Centre for Tax Policy and Administration and the OECD Development Centre, in co-operation with the Asian Development Bank, the Pacific Islands Tax Administrators Association and the Pacific Community.

Anglais

Tableaux 3.8 - Social security contributions (2000) as percentage of total taxation

Anglais

Revenue Statistics in Asian and Pacific Economies 2023 - © OECD 2023

‌3.8Social security contributions (2000) as percentage of total taxation
‌‌
‌2000‌
‌2005‌
‌2010‌
‌2015‌
‌2016‌
‌2017‌
‌2018‌
‌2019‌
‌2020‌
‌2021‌
Armenia
..
 
..
 
15.1
 
1.0
 
1.2
 
1.4
 
1.4
 
1.3
 
1.8
 
2.7
 
Australia 1
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
..
 
Bangladesh
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
..
 
Bhutan
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Cambodia
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
China 2
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
27.5
 
24.2
 
28.6
 
Cook Islands
..
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Fiji
..
 
..
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Georgia
16.2
 
17.8
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Indonesia 3
..
 
..
 
..
 
0.6
 
3.2
 
3.4
 
3.6
 
4.3
 
5.9
 
5.3
 
Japan 1
35.2
 
36.9
 
41.1
 
39.4
 
40.4
 
39.9
 
40.2
 
41.1
 
40.4
 
..
 
Kazakhstan
0.0
 
0.7
 
2.5
 
3.8
 
3.8
 
3.4
 
3.2
 
3.2
 
5.3
 
5.5
 
Kyrgyzstan
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
Korea 1
16.7
 
21.2
 
23.3
 
26.6
 
26.2
 
25.7
 
25.4
 
26.7
 
28.0
 
26.2
 
Lao PDR
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
Malaysia 4
2.0
 
1.6
 
1.8
 
1.7
 
1.8
 
1.9
 
2.4
 
2.5
 
3.1
 
2.9
 
Maldives
..
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Mongolia
..
 
..
 
13.1
 
22.0
 
23.2
 
21.0
 
20.1
 
19.8
 
18.7
 
20.3
 
Nauru
..
 
..
 
..
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
New Zealand 1
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Pakistan
..
 
..
 
..
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Papua New Guinea
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Philippines
13.1
 
12.5
 
12.6
 
14.1
 
14.0
 
13.4
 
13.6
 
14.3
 
15.7
 
16.1
 
Samoa
..
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Singapore
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Solomon Islands 5
..
 
..
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Thailand
3.7
 
4.9
 
7.1
 
5.6
 
5.6
 
5.7
 
5.7
 
5.9
 
5.8
 
4.1
 
Tokelau
..
 
..
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Vanuatu
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
0.0
 
Viet Nam 6
..
 
..
 
14.8
 
23.1
 
24.8
 
25.1
 
25.8
 
27.9
 
30.5
 
28.0
 
Africa (31) average 7
..
 
..
 
7.0
 
7.3
 
7.4
 
7.6
 
7.3
 
7.3
 
8.1
 
..
 
Asia-Pacific (29) average 8
..
 
..
 
6.0
 
5.5
 
5.8
 
5.6
 
5.7
 
6.7
 
6.9
 
6.9
 
LAC average 9
15.5
 
14.5
 
15.8
 
16.9
 
16.9
 
17.3
 
17.2
 
17.4
 
18.5
 
17.0
 
OECD average 1,10
24.9
 
25.0
 
26.6
 
25.9
 
25.9
 
25.8
 
25.9
 
25.9
 
26.6
 
..
 
..
Not available
Disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer
1.
Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand are part of the OECD (38) group. Data for Australia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand and the OECD average are taken from OECD (2022),Revenue Statistics 2022.
2.
2007 to 2018: Data for China are not included in this table as historical data on revenues from social security contributions are not available.
3.
Social security contributions data for Indonesia are only available after 2014 and are deemed negligible in earlier years. SSCs in Indonesia include contributions from Death Benefit (JK), Work Accident Insurance (JKK), Pension Insurance (JP), Unemployment Insurance (JKP) and mandatory contributions from BPJS Health for formal workers. Contributions from the BPJS Health since 2018 have been estimated.
4.
Heading 2000: Starting from 2015, social security contribution data is given as a lump sum.
5.
The social security contributions in the Solomon Islands are zero as they do not meet the social security criteria of the OECD classifications set in Annex A of the Interpretative Guide.
6.
Social security data for Viet Nam are not available prior to 2010.
7.
Represents an unweighted average for the 31 African countries included in the publicationRevenue Statistics in Africa 2022.
8.
Represents an unweighted average of the 29 Asian and Pacific economies in this publication, excluding Bangladesh due to data availability. The Asia-Pacific (29) average should be interpreted with caution as data for social security contributions (category 2000) are not available or are partial in a few economies, including in Indonesia where SSC data are not available before 2015 and in China where SSC data are not available before 2019. The Asia-Pacific (29) average excludes Pakistan prior to 2011 and Nauru prior to 2014 as data were not available. See the country tables in Chapter 4 for further information.
9.
Represents an unweighted average for the 25 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries included in the publicationRevenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean 2023.
10.
Represents an unweighted average for the 38 OECD member countries included in the publicationRevenue Statistics 2022.

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