Human resource management includes the tasks of recruitment, career development, pay (salaries and pensions), training and senior civil service management. Traditionally, two models of standard setting for human resource management are distinguished: the career based model and the position based model. The differences between both models concern mostly the tasks of recruitment, career development and pay. In the career based model the major decisions in these areas are taken by the government in consultation with the trade unions, whereas in the position based model there is more room for market incentives. Remedies for disadvantages attached to the more extreme versions of both models currently lead to a certain convergence.