Constitutions create a framework for government that enables a country’s stability, inclusiveness, and co-operation among branches of power. Chapter 4 draws some practical lessons for promoting those values by providing an overview of presidential, parliamentary, and semi-presidential systems and benchmarking the existing institutional framework in selected OECD constitutional democracies. In particular, it describes the main types of governance arrangements between the executive and legislative powers. It explores how the executive and legislature interact, the patterns of separation of powers between the two and which are the most likely outcomes of the political system resulting from those interactions, with mentions of other important aspects such as the electoral and party systems. It also highlights elements of direct citizen participation.