Lobbying in the 21st Century
Transparency, Integrity and Access
Lobbying, as a way to influence and inform governments, has been part of democracy for at least two centuries, and remains a legitimate tool for influencing public policies. However, it carries risks of undue influence. Lobbying in the 21st century has also become increasingly complex, including new tools for influencing government, such as social media, and a wide range of actors, such as NGOs, think tanks and foreign governments. This report takes stock of the progress that countries have made in implementing the OECD Principles for Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying. It reflects on new challenges and risks related to the many ways special interest groups attempt to influence public policies, and reviews tools adopted by governments to effectively safeguard impartiality and fairness in the public decision-making process.
Lobbying in the 21st Century
This chapter outlines the current context in which implementation of the Recommendation on Principles for Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying is being assessed. It highlights how an inclusive and transparent policy-making process, conducted with integrity, leads to better policies, and how undue influence and the monopoly of influence can block progress in all policy areas. The chapter also shows that lobbying is broader and more complex than the direct communication between a lobbyist and a public official. It describes how the importance of lobbying is still underestimated, and how the COVID-19 crisis revealed that risks of undue influence persist.
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