This chapter focuses on the efforts that Arab countries have made to promote open government principles and the challenges they still face. With a comparative angle, it analyses the policy and legal frameworks, with a specific focus on access to information, the significant progress made on e‑government and open data, as well as the limited initiatives to promote citizen participation. After providing a number of concrete examples of good practices from ESCWA member states, the chapter concludes by looking at the impact of COVID-19 on open government in the region and proposes some strategic directions for Arab countries.