Browse by: "2015"

The Missing Entrepreneurs 2015 is the third edition in a series of annual reports that provide data and policy analysis on inclusive entrepreneurship. Inclusive entrepreneurship involves business start-up and self-employment activities that contribute to social inclusion as well as to economic growth, covering entrepreneurship activities by social groups such as youth, women, seniors, immigrants and the unemployed. The report contains data on the scale and scope of entrepreneurship and self-employment activities across EU Member States by social target groups, as well as the barriers they face. The report also contains special thematic chapters on supporting growth for entrepreneurs from disadvantaged and under-represented groups, effective coaching and mentoring, and the role of public procurement in supporting inclusive entrepreneurship. Each thematic chapter discusses current policy issues and challenges, and makes recommendations for EU policy makers. The report also provides inspiring policy-practice examples from each of the 28 EU Members.

L’écart continue de se creuser entre riches et pauvres. Au cours des décennies ayant précédé la Grande récession, la croissance économique bénéficiait déjà de manière disproportionnée aux catégories à haut revenu, tandis que les ménages à bas revenu étaient laissés pour compte. Depuis la crise, les disparités se sont aggravées, et dans de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, les inégalités atteignent désormais leur plus haut niveau depuis que des données sont recueillies. Ce creusement de long terme des inégalités de revenu suscite non seulement des inquiétudes de nature sociale et politique, mais il engendre également des préoccupations d’ordre économique : les inégalités de revenu ont tendance à peser sur la croissance du PIB, sous l’effet de la distance toujours plus grande entre les 40 % les moins riches et le reste de la société. La question de savoir comment inverser cette tendance et promouvoir des opportunités pour tous figure désormais au premier rang des priorités des gouvernements dans de nombreux pays.

This document provides information on key elements of a PRTR to national governments that are designing new PRTRs or considering revising an existing PRTR and describes considerations for developing PRTR systems whose data are compatible and can be integrated with data from other PRTRs for global scale analysis. For each element, this document presents recommendations from the OECD Council on Implementing PRTRs, and provides options for implementing a PRTR that 1) meets the needs of the country implementing the PRTR, and 2) collects data that are harmonised with data from existing PRTRs where possible. This document is also useful for users of PRTR data, particularly those who use PRTR data from different PRTRs. Those who plan to examine different PRTR data can consider the points raised in this document.

For most countries in the OECD, 2015 is the seventh or eighth year of dealing with the budgetary consequences of the economic and financial crisis. These years have been marked by challenges of fiscal retrenchment of a scale and nature unprecedented in modern times. Previous OECD publications have tracked the fiscal policy responses adopted by OECD governments during the early years of the crisis (2007-2012). This book takes stock of how these responses have evolved and in recent years, up to 2014/15. Two points are apparent from the outset: the response to the crisis has had repercussions for virtually every aspect of budgetary governance; and there are clear lessons for governments about the conduct of fiscal policy – including in its institutional aspects – that should inform future decisions and the agenda of budgetary reform.

Cette nouvelle édition du Panorama de la santé présente les données comparables les plus récentes sur les principaux indicateurs de la santé et des systèmes de santé des pays membres de l’OCDE. Pour un sous-groupe d’indicateurs, elle contient aussi des données se rapportant à des pays partenaires dont l'Afrique du Sud, le Brésil, la Chine, la Colombie, le Costa Rica, la Fédération de Russie, l'Inde, l'Indonésie, la Lettonie et la Lituanie. Cette édition contient deux nouveautés : une série de tableaux de bord qui résument la performance des pays de l’OCDE sur des indicateurs clés de santé et des systèmes de santé, et un chapitre spécial sur les tendances récentes des dépenses pharmaceutiques parmi les pays de l’OCDE. Cette édition contient également de nouveaux indicateurs sur la migration du personnel de santé et sur la qualité des soins de santé.

The publication provides an overview of the disaster risk assessment and financing practices of a broad range of economies relative to guidance elaborated in G20/OECD Framework for Disaster Risk Assessment and Risk Financing. The publications is based on survey responses provided by 29 economies, as well as research undertaken by the OECD and other international organisations, and provides a global overview of the approaches that economies facing various levels of disaster risk and economic development have taken to managing the financial impacts of natural and man-made catastrophes.

This report is the first OECD review of Brazil’s environmental performance. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and a green economy, with a focus on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and protected areas.The OECD Environmental Performance Review Programme provides independent assessments of country progress in achieving domestic and international environmental policy commitments. The reviews are conducted to improve environmental performance, promote peer learning and enhance accountability. They are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data, and provide policy-relevant recommendations.Each review cycle covers all OECD countries and selected partner economies. The most recent reviews include: Spain (2015), Poland (2015), Sweden (2014).

This 2015 OECD Economic Survey of Brazil examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. The special chapters cover: Strengthening the industrial sector and Improving health policies.

Der Entwicklungsausschuss der OECD (DAC) führt in regelmäßigen Abständen Prüfungen der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit der einzelnen DAC-Mitglieder durch. Politik und Leistungen der einzelnen Mitglieder werden in etwa fünfjährigem Turnus einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Die DAC-Prüfberichte beurteilen die Leistung eines bestimmten Mitglieds, nicht nur die Leistung der für Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zuständigen Behörde, wobei sowohl die Politik als auch die Umsetzung geprüft wird. Sie vermitteln eine integrierte, systemweite Sichtweise der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und humanitären Hilfe des zu prüfenden Mitgliedslands.

The OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews of the individual development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and programmes of each member are critically examined approximately once every five years. DAC peer reviews assess the performance of a given member, not just that of its development co-operation agency, and examine both policy and implementation. They take an integrated, system-wide perspective on the development co-operation and humanitarian assistance activities of the member under review.

This new edition of Health at a Glance presents the most recent comparable data on the performance of health systems in OECD countries. Where possible, it also reports data for partner countries (Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russian Federation and South Africa). Compared with the previous edition, this new edition includes a new set of dashboards of health indicators to summarise in a clear and user-friendly way the relative strengths and weaknesses of OECD countries on different key indicators of health and health system performance, and also a special focus on the pharmaceutical sector. This edition also contains new indicators on health workforce migration and on the quality of health care.

Panorama de l'entrepreneuriat, un produit du Programme d'indicateurs de l'entrepreneuriat OCDE-Eurostat (PIE), présente une collection originale d’indicateurs pour mesurer l’état de l’entrepreneuriat, accompagnée d'explications sur le contexte politique et l'interprétation des données. L'édition 2015 contient un chapitre spécial sur les activités internationales des petites et moyennes entreprises.

This report provides a new detailed quantitative assessment of the consequences of climate change on economic growth through to 2060 and beyond. It focuses on how climate change affects different drivers of growth, including labour productivity and capital supply, in different sectors across the world. The sectoral and regional analysis shows that while the impacts of climate change spread across all sectors and all regions, the largest negative consequences are projected to be found in the health and agricultural sectors, with damages especially strong in Africa and Asia.

In order to maintain the strong progress achieved since 2000 and meet Africa's longer-term challenges, it is important for both African governments and their international partners to meet their development commitments and to monitor and evaluate their results. This is the purpose of this eighth Mutual Review of Development Effectiveness in Africa, a unique exercise in mutual accountability jointly undertaken by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, under a mandate from the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) Heads of State and Government. As we move on to the 2030 Agenda and the newly adopted Sustainable Development Goals, this 2015 edition covers four broad policy areas: sustainable economic growth, investing in people’s well being, good governance and financing for sustainable development. It provides an in-depth review of the implementation of commitments in 19 individual topics and considers future policy priorities. It aims to provide a practical tool for political leaders and policy makers, looking at Africa as a whole, while recognising the remarkable degree of diversity across the continent.

Afin de conserver les grandes avancées obtenues depuis 2000 et relever les défis à plus long terme de l'Afrique, il est essentiel pour les gouvernements africains et leurs partenaires internationaux d’assurer le maintien des engagements en faveur du développement, ainsi que le suivi et l’évaluation des résultats. Tel est l’objet de ce huitième Examen mutuel de l’efficacité du développement en Afrique préparé par la Commission économique pour l’Afrique et l’Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques, répondant à un mandat confié par les chefs d’État et de gouvernement des pays du Nouveau partenariat pour le développement de l’Afrique (NEPAD). Considérant le passage à l'Agenda 2030 et les objectifs de développement durable récemment adoptés,  cette édition 2015 s’articule autour de quatre grandes thématiques : croissance économique durable, investir dans le bien-être des populations, bonne gouvernance et financement du développement. Elle propose un examen approfondi de la concrétisation des engagements pris dans 19 domaines et étudie les priorités à venir pour l’action publique. Ce rapport se veut un outil concret à l’intention des dirigeants politiques et des décideurs. Il porte sur l’Afrique dans son ensemble, tout en prenant acte de l’extraordinaire diversité qui caractérise le continent.

The review analyses key areas of public governance in Costa Rica and identifies opportunities to improve the performance of the state in order to ensure more effective and efficient service delivery for all citizens. It examines co-ordination at the centre of government, public policy monitoring and evaluation and the use of the budget framework for strategic planning. It also looks at human resource management, integrity policies and public procurement, and multi-level governance. The review provides recommendations to assist the government in strengthening the capacity of the public sector to support social and economic development.

The book presents a background study of DRG-based payment systems, drawing on the experience of implementing such hospital funding arrangements internationally, including an overview of developments in the Asia and Pacific region. It underscores the need for countries to be clear about their purpose and objective for introducing Diagnosis Related Groups, as well as their place in health-care financing reform, and for policy-makers to reflect on the importance of country-specific starting points, objectives and context in which the hospital payment reforms are being implemented. Chapter 4 – written by Yuki Murakami and Luca Lorenzoni – investigates the evidence regarding the impact on cost, quality and efficiency of the introduction of a DRG-based payment system.