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L’édition 2018 des Comptes nationaux des pays de l’OCDE, Comptes des administrations publiques est une publication annuelle de l’OCDE, consacrée aux finances publiques et basée sur le Système de Comptabilité Nationale 2008 (SCN 2008). La publication comprend des tableaux avec les agrégats et les soldes des administrations publiques pour les comptes de production, de revenu et les comptes financiers. Elle comprend également les recettes détaillées d’impôts et de cotisations sociales ainsi que la ventilation des dépenses des administrations publiques par fonction, selon la classification harmonisée au niveau international CFAP.
The 2018 edition of National Accounts of OECD Countries, General Government Accounts is an annual publication, dedicated to government finance which is based on the System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA 2008). It includes tables showing government aggregates and balances for the production, income and financial accounts as well as detailed tax and social contribution receipts and a breakdown of expenditure of general government by function, according to the harmonised international classification, COFOG.
Did you ever wonder whether education has a role to play in preparing our societies for an age of artificial intelligence? Or what the impact of climate change might be on our schools, families and communities?
Trends Shaping Education examines major economic, political, social and technological trends affecting education. While the trends are robust, the questions raised in this book are suggestive, and aim to inform strategic thinking and stimulate reflection on the challenges facing education – and on how and whether education can influence these trends.
This book covers a rich array of topics related to globalisation, democracy, security, ageing and modern cultures. The content for this 2019 edition has been updated and also expanded with a wide range of new indicators. Along with the trends and their relationship to education, the book includes a new section on future’s thinking inspired by foresight methodologies.
This book is designed to give policy makers, researchers, educational leaders, administrators and teachers a robust, non specialist source of international comparative trends shaping education, whether in schools, universities or in programmes for older adults. It will also be of interest to students and the wider public, including parents.
Better skills policies help build economic resilience, boost employment and reinforce social cohesion. The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a framework to analyse their skills strengths and challenges. Each OECD Skills Strategy diagnostic report reflects a set of skills challenges identified by broad stakeholder engagement and OECD comparative evidence while offering concrete examples of how other countries have tackled similar skills challenges.
These reports tackle questions such as: How can countries maximise their skills potential? How can they improve their performance in developing relevant skills, activating skills supply and using skills effectively? What is the benefit of a whole-of-government approach to skills? How can governments build stronger partnerships with employers, trade unions, teachers and students to deliver better skills outcomes? OECD Skills Strategy diagnostic reports provide new insights into these questions and help identify the core components of successful skills strategies.
This report is part of the OECD’s ongoing work on building effective national and local skills strategies.
The Sami have lived for time immemorial in an area that today extends across the Kola Peninsula in Russia, northern Finland, northern Norway's coast and inland, and the northern half of Sweden. The Sami play an important role in these northern economies thanks to their use of land, their involvement in reindeer husbandry, agriculture/farming and food production, and connection with the region’s tourism industry. However, in Sweden, as in the other states where the Sami live, the connections with regional development are often inconsistent and weak, and could do more to support the preservation and promotion of Sami culture and create new employment and business opportunities. This study, together with the OECD’s broader thematic work on this topic, provides actionable recommendations on how to better include the Sami and other Indigenous Peoples in regional development strategies, learning from and incorporating their own perspectives on sustainable development in the process.
Over the past two decades, most Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have experienced robust economic growth and been able to make significant reductions in poverty and income inequality. However, growth in the region was not strong enough to ensure convergence towards levels of per capita income observed in advanced OECD economies. An important part of this underperformance can be explained by weak productivity growth. Should this weakness persist, it will be very difficult for LAC countries to achieve better lives for the majority of families. The present publication portrays the situation of LAC countries and discusses best-practice policies. Participation in global value chains is encouraged to enable knowledge spillovers and a process of learning by doing. More regional trade integration would help this process, as Latin America ranks very low and remains a sizeable outlier. The diffusion of knowledge and technology would be facilitated by making it easier to do business, notably allowing new entrants that are facing high barriers to operate and grow. Improved access to education is important to meet the demand for skills, and to boost innovation and research and development, which is particularly true in a context of fast technological change.
Grâce à une expansion économique constante et à des politiques publiques efficaces, les taux de pauvreté et les inégalités sont en repli et l’accès aux services publics se développe. La croissance du revenu par habitant est solide. Pourtant, le déficit d’infrastructures demeure important, et il faudrait augmenter les dépenses de santé et d’action sociale pour que la croissance profite au plus grand nombre. De même, le bien-être gagnerait à une meilleure prise en compte de la situation environnementale.
L’économie espagnole continue sur la lancée d’une croissance vigoureuse et équilibrée. La nette embellie sur le front de l’emploi a permis de réduire le chômage et de soutenir la consommation des ménages. Diverses réformes structurelles (examinées en détail dans l’édition 2017 de l’Étude économique de l’Espagne) ont contribué à la reprise. Les déséquilibres sont en cours de correction, avec une augmentation de la part des échanges en valeur ajoutée, une réduction de la dette privée et un système financier plus sain. Il est primordial d’entretenir la dynamique des réformes structurelles, notamment des marchés du travail et des produits, pour améliorer la résilience de l’économie espagnole à de futurs chocs.
Les résultats économiques se sont nettement améliorés depuis la fin, en 2013, de la grave crise économique qu’a traversée la Slovénie. S’agissant de l’avenir, le gouvernement élabore une Stratégie nationale de développement pour créer une économie à croissance plus rapide et plus inclusive, forte d’entreprises compétitives intégrées dans l’économie mondiale. L’une des grandes caractéristiques de cette stratégie tient à ce qu’elle prend en compte les Objectifs de développement durable (ODD) de l’ONU. Ces objectifs doivent aller de pair avec des mesures garantes de la viabilité des finances publiques et de leur équité intergénérationnelle, offrant à tous les Slovènes une longue durée de vie en bonne santé.
Dans un contexte marqué par l’augmentation considérable de la population, par la poursuite attendue d’une hausse du taux d’activité de la main-d’œuvre et par des afflux massifs de réfugiés, une forte croissance et des créations d’emplois vigoureuses figurent en tête des attentes de la population et de l’agenda des pouvoirs publics. Parallèlement, les niveaux de vie ont progressé, mais plus pour ce qui concerne les conditions matérielles que du point de vue d’autres mesures de la qualité de la vie. En outre, un certain nombre d’inégalités perdurent, illustrant les difficultés rencontrées pour rendre la croissance plus inclusive.
This publication is a sequel to the OECD 2015 report on Social Impact Investment (SII), Building the Evidence Base, bringing new evidence on the role of SII in financing sustainable development. It depicts the state of play of SII approaches globally, comparing regional trends, and assesses its prospects, with a special focus on data issues and recent policy developments. Importantly, it provides new guidance for policy makers in OECD and non-OECD countries, as well as providers of development co-operation, development financers, social impact investment practitioners and the private sector more broadly, to help them maximise the contribution of social impact investing to the 2030 Agenda. In particular, it provides four sets of recommendations on financing, innovation, data and policy for delivering on the “impact imperative” of financing sustainable development.
Living standards and wellbeing are high in Denmark. Economic conditions have improved in recent years and the steady expansion is projected to continue. A prolonged series of pension and benefit reforms has delivered sound public finances and strengthened potential growth, among others by indexation of statutory retirement ages to life expectancy. Improving public sector efficiency remains a challenge and would benefit from further digitalisation and reform of collective bargaining. Danish firms are close to the technological frontier thanks to digitalisation and favourable business framework conditions. Nonetheless, productivity growth has been disappointing in the recent past with a particular weakness in less knowledge-intensive service industries. Boosting productivity growth is essential to ensure that living standards and wellbeing remain high. This requires further improving business framework conditions, notably competition pressures. Policy needs to embrace innovative technologies by leaning against attempts to discourage or exclude them and by tackling unintended or outmoded obstacles in legislation and regulation. Reducing high marginal taxes, broadening innovation activity and attracting more high-skilled foreign workers are also priorities.
SPECIAL FEATURES: PRODUCTIVITY; BUSINESS FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS
Corporate Tax Statistics brings together a range of information to support the analysis of corporate taxation and base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) practices. This is the first edition of the publication, which was a key output of Action 11 of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project and its package of 15 measures adopted in 2015 to address tax avoidance. The new publication and its accompanying database includes four main categories of data on corporate tax rates, revenues, effective tax rates, and tax incentives for R&D and innovation amongst other data series, and covers OECD jurisdictions as well as jurisdictions from the Inclusive Framework on BEPS.
Statistiques de l'impôt sur les sociétés rassemble un ensemble d'informations pour soutenir l'analyse de la fiscalité des entreprises et des pratiques d'érosion de la base d'imposition et de transfert de bénéfices (BEPS). Il s'agit de la première édition de cette publication, qui a été l'un des principaux résultats de l'action 11 du projet BEPS de l'OCDE/G20 et de son ensemble de 15 mesures adoptées en 2015 pour lutter contre l'évasion fiscale. La nouvelle publication et la base de données qui l'accompagne comprennent quatre grandes catégories de données sur les taux d'imposition des sociétés, les recettes, les taux d'imposition effectifs et les incitations fiscales à la R&D et l'innovation, entre autres séries de données, et couvrent les juridictions de l'OCDE ainsi que les juridictions du Cadre inclusif sur le BEPS.
This report analyses the emergence and potential of ICOs as a financing mechanism for start-ups and SMEs, examines the benefits and challenges of this mechanism for small businesses and investors, and discusses the policy implications of ICO activity for the inclusive financing of SMEs and the real economy.
Le Manuel pour l’évaluation de l’impact sur la concurrence de l’OCDE est une méthodologie conçue pour aider les gouvernements à éliminer les obstacles à la concurrence. Il se compose de trois volumes. Le premier volume illustre les effets bénéfiques de la concurrence, présente la Liste de référence pour l’évaluation de l’impact sur la concurrence et montre comment les pouvoirs publics peuvent évaluer leurs décisions dans l’optique de la concurrence.
Le Manuel pour l’évaluation de l’impact sur la concurrence de l’OCDE est une méthodologie conçue pour aider les gouvernements à éliminer les obstacles à la concurrence. Il se compose de trois volumes. Le troisième volume donne des orientations, étape par étape, pour l’exécution de l’évaluation d’impact sur la concurrence.