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This report reviews the procurement practices of Ukrenergo within the context of applicable Ukrainian procurement law. It provides a series of recommendations to Ukrenergo on how to improve tender design to prevent bidder collusion and increase competition, and on how to better detect bidder collusion and report this to the competition authority. This report is part of the OECD project on “Supporting the Energy Sector Reform in Ukraine”. In this context, the OECD assessed the procurement practices of the Ukrainian state-owned energy company Ukrenergo against the OECD Recommendation on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement.
The OECD reviews national and sector-specific public procurement regimes, to guide and support countries in combatting collusive practices. This review analyses Brazil's federal public-procurement rules and practices in light of the OECD Recommendation and Guidelines on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement.
The accelerating threat of climate change raises the urgency of commitment to climate transition, including the important role of global financial markets to align investment with net zero. Financial markets and climate transition focuses on the critical contribution financial markets must play towards achieving an orderly transition to low-carbon economies, and the policies needed to support this. It explores the key elements that could factor into market pricing of climate transition risks and opportunities, offers frameworks and case studies, reviews the growing range of market products and practices and puts forward policy options that can support this transition.
This toolkit provides governments with policy guidance across three areas – regulatory tools, financial tools, and information tools – to help SMEs in the ASEAN Member States enhance their environmental performance and economic competitiveness. In each of these three areas, approaches are highlighted that focus on supporting cost-effective measures that enhance competiveness. Chapter 3 of this report also provides a series of quick and digestible messages about the benefits of greener practices for both SMEs and for policy makers, and their respective roles in this process. This toolkit aims to distil the lessons learned through the OECD’s work on greening SMEs in other regions, notably the six countries of the Eastern Partnership region, while drawing upon the experiences of other OECD member states and ongoing actions taking place in ASEAN Member States.
Much has been learnt in the ten years since the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, but significant challenges still remain.
This report presents the current situation at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and the responses by Japanese authorities and the international community since the accident. It will assist both policymakers and the general public to understand the multi-dimensional issues stemming from the accident. These include disaster recovery, compensation for damages, nuclear safety, nuclear regulation, radiation protection, plant decommissioning, radioactive waste management, psycho-social issues in the community and societal resilience.
Building on two previous reports released by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 2013 and 2016, the report examines the plant’s future, that of the affected region and population, as well as outlining areas for further improvement and how the international community can help.
Cities are not only home to around half of the global population but are also at the forefront of the transformation of jobs, skills and labour markets. Furthermore, cities play a leading role in the COVID-19 response, as the pandemic is not only accelerating megatrends such as digitalisation and automation that change the world of work, but is also challenging city economies. In London, COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented labour market shock, with several service sectors having been devastated. The crisis and its impact on employment and firms make skills development and adult learning more important than ever. London is the first major city within the OECD to introduce a comprehensive skills strategy. The report Future-Proofing Adult Learning in London, UK analyses London’s capacity to design effective adult learning programmes, which are critical for a strong and sustainable economic recovery and for preparing for the future of work. The report sheds light on major challenges facing London, especially in light of COVID-19, while also pointing to opportunities for London to design a future-ready adult learning system that responds to the impacts of the pandemic and aligns training to rapidly evolving labour market demands.
The OECD reviews national and sector-specific public procurement regimes, to guide and support countries in combatting collusive practices. This review analyses Peru's EsSalud procurement rules and practices in light of the OECD Recommendation and Guidelines on Fighting Bid Rigging in Public Procurement.
Given the increasingly digital environment for financial products and services, now further accelerated by responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential for digitalisation to support greater financial inclusion and inclusive growth, effective financial consumer protection is more important than ever. It is equally important that the policies and approaches developed and adopted by financial consumer protection authorities evolve and adapt in line with the changing environment.
This report sets out key findings, conclusions and policy considerations relating to financial consumer protection approaches in response to the issues associated with ageing populations. It sets out detailed analysis of inputs provided by members of the G20/OECD Task Force on Financial Consumer Protection and the International Financial Consumer Protection Organisation (FinCoNet). This report is a complementary piece to the G20 Fukuoka Policy Priorities on Ageing and Financial Inclusion, produced by the GPFI and the OECD for the Japanese G20 Presidency 2019 and published in June 2019.
This report reviews possible determinants of global maritime goods transport over the coming decades. It addresses the uncertainties that surround the future of maritime trade flows such as the development of demand, the costs of environmental regulation, maritime business strategies, the Belt and Road Initiative, and Arctic shipping. The report summarises discussions of an ITF Roundtable held in Paris, France in April 2019.
The OECD and the Directorate-General for Environment, the European Commission department responsible for EU policy on the environment, joined forces to examine current and future water-related financing challenges faced by EU member states. These include investments needed to comply with EU regulation for water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, and flood protection.
As part of the research, new data was produced on current levels of expenditure for water supply, sanitation and flood protection, as well as on projected needs. It supported a comparison across member states and substantiated tailored policy discussions in selected countries and at European level. This report captures the rationale for the research, the main quantitative outcomes and the policy issues and recommendations that derived from this two-year co-operation. Lessons from Europe outlined in this report can inspire similar research and policy discussions in other parts of the world.
This 2020 report presents the results of a survey of levels of financial literacy in the South East European countries of Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Republic of North Macedonia;, Moldova, Montenegro, and Romania. In addition to calculating globally comparable financial literacy scores, the analysis covers financial inclusion and elements of financial well-being, paying particular attention to attributes of individual financial resilience. The report then makes policy recommendations based on the findings.
Sufficient and affordable access to different sources of finance is crucial to enable SMEs and entrepreneurs to contribute to inclusive growth. The 9th edition of the Scoreboard on Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs provides data from 48 countries around the world on SME lending, alternative finance instruments and financing conditions, as well as information on policy initiatives to improve SME access to finance.
Lending conditions remained broadly favourable in the run-up to the COVID-19 outbreak, despite some early signals of tightening. Nevertheless, SME bank credit increased only at a modest pace in many countries and declined in some others in 2018. At the same time, the take-up by SMEs of other sources of finance, including leasing and factoring, equity crowdfunding and venture capital investments expanded significantly, suggesting that SMEs are increasingly turning to a combination of instruments.
The thematic chapter provides an overview of the evolution of SME financing policies over the last decade, from the immediate post-crisis period and the early recovery years, to the most recent policy trends.
What worries people across Latin America, North America, Israel and Europe? How do attitudes towards governments’ provision of social protection differ cross-nationally? A collaboration between the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) illustrates how views of economic risk and government effectiveness vary across the Americas and Europe. This report finds that economic discontent is global, as many respondents of both the OECD’s Risks that Matter and LAPOP’s AmericasBarometer surveys say that their country’s economic situation is worse than it was last year, and that public satisfaction with government is low. More than half of all respondents in the OECD and Latin American countries studied in this report say that government is failing to incorporate their views in social policy design and reform.
Technology and digitalisation have been transforming the way in which the financial sector is operating over the past years. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of digital technologies in all sectors, in particular in finance, as both households and firms have ncreasingly relied on digital as opposed to physical services. This publication contributes to the OECD Going Digital project, which provides policy makers with tools to help economies and societies prosper in an increasingly digital and data-driven world.
This report examines the financial literacy needs of migrants and their families in the six CIS/Eurasian economies participating in the Project on Financial Education in the CIS/Eurasia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan. It addresses the issues in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and compares these countries against the background of global migration trends and data.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in France as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Finland as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
Creativity and critical thinking are key skills for complex, globalised and increasingly digitalised economies and societies. While teachers and education policy makers consider creativity and critical thinking as important learning goals, it is still unclear to many what it means to develop these skills in a school setting. To make it more visible and tangible to practitioners, the OECD worked with networks of schools and teachers in 11 countries to develop and trial a set of pedagogical resources that exemplify what it means to teach, learn and make progress in creativity and critical thinking in primary and secondary education. Through a portfolio of rubrics and examples of lesson plans, teachers in the field gave feedback, implemented the proposed teaching strategies and documented their work. Instruments to monitor the effectiveness of the intervention in a validation study were also developed and tested, supplementing the insights on the effects of the intervention in the field provided by the team co-ordinators.
What are the key elements of creativity and critical thinking? What pedagogical strategies and approaches can teachers adopt to foster them? How can school leaders support teachers' professional learning? To what extent did teachers participating in the project change their teaching methods? How can we know whether it works and for whom? These are some of the questions addressed in this book, which reports on the outputs and lessons of this international project.
This report develops new indicators on the impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) on sustainable development in host countries. Taking into account the country-specific context, policymakers can use FDI Qualities Indicators to assess how FDI supports national policy objectives, where challenges lie, and in which areas intervention is needed. The report includes indicators on five sustainability clusters: productivity and innovation, employment and job quality, skills, gender equality, and carbon footprint. This report is part of OECD’s efforts to enhance socio-economic impacts of private investment, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and following a request of OECD Ministers related to the update of the OECD Policy Framework for Investment.