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El informe de la OCDE Igualdad de género en Costa Rica: Hacia una mejor distribución del trabajo remunerado y no remunerado es el cuarto informe de una colección de informes que tiene como foco los países de América Latina y el Caribe, y forma parte de la serie Igualdad de género en el trabajo. El informe compara las brechas de género de los resultados laborales y educativos en Costa Rica con otros países. El informe presta particular atención a la distribución desigual del trabajo no remunerado y la carga adicional que esto implica para las mujeres. Así mismo, investiga cómo las políticas públicas y programas de ayuda en Costa Rica pueden hacer que esta distribución sea más equitativa. La primera parte del informe examina la evidencia sobre las brechas de género y sus causas, incluyendo el papel que desempeñan las normas sociales. La segunda parte desarrolla un marco global para abordar estos retos, presentando una amplia gama de opciones para reducir la carga de trabajo no remunerado que recae sobre las mujeres y aumentar sus ingresos laborales. Estudios anteriores de la misma colección han analizado las políticas de igualdad de género en Chile (2021) Perú (2022) y Colombia (2023).

The Korean economy is known for its innovation and wealth of intellectual property (IP), having one of the highest patent applications in the world. Its IP-intensive industries are deeply integrated in the global economy through their active participation in global value chains. Such integration, however, exposes Korean IP-intensive products to high counterfeiting and piracy risks. This report examines the global trade in counterfeit products that infringe on Korean intellectual property rights (IPR) and its impact on the Korean economy. Specifically, it estimates the effects in terms of sales and job losses in the Korean manufacturing sector, as well as the impact on government revenues. The report concludes that the infringement of Korean IPR poses a significant threat to the Korean economy. The magnitude and widespread impact of this issue call for the implementation of comprehensive and coordinated solutions.

This Phase 4 Two-Year Written Follow-up report on Greece by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates the implementation of the recommendations in the Phase 4 Evaluation report on Greece’s implementation of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the 2021 Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. It was adopted by the OECD Working Group on Bribery on 12 June 2024.

Informality is not a new phenomenon but today, in face of the multiplication of domestic and global shocks, the vulnerabilities associated with informal work and businesses are an undisputable hurdle to economic resilience and more inclusive and equal societies. Yet, certain policy measures implemented with the intention of addressing the consequences of crises on vulnerable groups in the society – groups that include informal workers and businesses – can unintentionally induce more informality, in a vicious cycle that makes formalisation and resilience even more difficult to reach. The report Informality and Structural Transformation in the Middle East and North Africa outlines a framework for assessing the impact of economic and social policies on informality. The framework was developed jointly by the ILO, OECD and UNDP, and is thought as a hands-on instrument, allowing policy makers to foresee early on in the policymaking cycles the effects diverse economic and social policies could have on the informal economy. This tool adds to the vast literature on informality. Understanding the expected impact of different policies on informality can help governments to identify measures that support their key objectives, e.g. helping firms in financial distress or expanding social protection, without altering motivations and incentives to formalisation.

Na condição de "árbitros do mercado", os reguladores contribuem para a prestação de serviços essenciais de utilidade pública. A cultura organizacional, o comportamento, as ações e a governança são fatores importantes no desempenho dos reguladores e dos setores que supervisionam. O Quadro de Avaliação de Desempenho para Reguladores Econômicos (PAFER, na sigla em inglês) da OCDE analisa as instituições, os processos e as práticas que podem criar uma cultura organizacional baseada em desempenho e resultados. Este relatório utiliza o PAFER para avaliar a governança tanto interna quanto externa da Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico (ANA) do Brasil. O relatório oferece recomendações para que o regulador desenvolva sua sólida reputação técnica e suas boas práticas, propondo um conjunto integrado de recomendações que ajudarão a ANA a cumprir da melhor forma possível seu papel na gestão de recursos hídricos e regulação do uso da água, na segurança de barragens e no saneamento básico.

En el capítulo 1, se describe el papel de IFSF en el contexto cambiante de la fiscalidad internacional y el desarrollo. En el capítulo 2, se tratan los programas y las operaciones de IFSF. En el capítulo 3, se ofrece información sobre los ámbitos actuales y futuros de la asistencia técnica de IFSF. En el capítulo 4, se destacan los resultados obtenidos durante el último año. En el capítulo 5, se describe la participación de IFSF en eventos internacionales y los esfuerzos de comunicación de la iniciativa. Por último, en el capítulo 6, se expone el plan de trabajo para el año y ofrece una visión general de los objetivos y resultados del año anterior.

This report provides insights on applying behavioural insights to improve public integrity in the public administration of the Slovak Republic. This report illustrates, through a stepwise application of the OECD BASIC toolkit, how corruption risk management policies can be improved through the identification and analysis of undesired behaviours, and through the design and testing of strategies to change these behaviours. Specifically, a randomised controlled trial was employed to test the effect of two behaviourally informed strategies to improve risk communication in the public administration. The results provided novel empirical evidence that: 1) providing support to public servants to better understand risks; and 2) exposing public servants to good leadership examples can improve their propensity to communicate risks. Moreover, it was found that feeling safe, trusting and being aware of risk communication channels also play an important role in improving risk communication. Based on the findings, this report provides recommendations to improve the risk management system of the Slovak Republic and inform the discussion on the upcoming National Anti-corruption Strategy, contributing to advancing the country’s efforts in curbing corruption.

This report provides an overview of the impacts of climate change on infrastructure , and key policy areas to be considered to render infrastructure more resilient. It discusses advances and persisting gaps in planning and developing infrastructure across its lifecycle to build in climate resilience and how this can be fostered by place-based approach. The report explores how climate risk awareness and understanding can be strengthened and become a norm for all financing and investment decisions, through standards and financial instruments that integrate climate adaptation and resilience. It includes a spotlight on nature-based solutions and offers insights on how nature can be harnessed as a cost-effective measure to build climate resilience. The report also recognises the specific needs of developing countries as requiring global attention for economic development and through strengthened international partnerships and support. Key policy insights are provided and advocate for national and subnational policy-makers to adopt a multi-level governance approach to resilience, working with infrastructure owners and operators to support decision-making.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various aspects of human activity, including illicit trade. Criminal networks have adapted quickly to exploit disrupted supply chains and increased demand for essential goods, creating new opportunities for profit. This report examines how the pandemic has reshaped the trade in counterfeit goods. It looks at the multifaceted effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trade dynamic, particularly in the European Union. It also explores its effects on the trade in counterfeit goods, drawing on both law enforcement and industry expertise, as well as global customs seizure data. In particular, it highlights the challenges faced, the changing modus operandi of counterfeiters and the solutions that have emerged during this unprecedented health crisis.

This report analyses the sequence of labour market support that individuals receive and evaluates two large public works programmes. It uses rich administrative data and finds positive labour market impacts of the Community Employment and Tús employment programmes. Building on the results of the analyses, the report makes recommendations on how Ireland can further adapt its active labour market policies (ALMPs) to better support its current and future jobseekers. This report on Ireland is the thirteenth country study published in a series of reports on policies to connect people with jobs, and is part of a joint project with the European Commission to strengthen countries’ capacity to evaluate ALMPs. The report is written jointly by the OECD, the Department of Social Protection of Ireland and the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.

This report uses rich administrative data from different registers in Greece to evaluate the impact of two types of active labour market policies (ALMPs): wage subsidies and training for unemployed people. The report finds a positive impact of both types of ALMPs and makes recommendations for further improving the effectiveness of Greece’s ALMPs and strengthening the capacity of the authorities to conduct ALMP impact evaluations. This report is the twelfth in a series of country reports on policies to connect people with better jobs. It was produced as part of the OECD’s project with the European Commission which aims to raise the quality of the data collected and their use in the evaluation of the effectiveness of ALMPs.

This report examines the current conditions of walking and cycling in cities. It reviews the literature on the potential benefits of active mobility, highlighting the importance of moving away from car-centric development. It also explores how cities developed into car-centric environments, with a particular focus on moto-normative assumptions. The report offers recommendations for re-centring mobility spaces on people to improve the quality, enjoyment, utility and safety of active mobility.

This report provides an overview of the design and results of a counterfactual impact evaluation of SEND@, a digital tool for employment counsellors developed by the Spanish public employment service (Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal, SEPE). The objective of the digital tool SEND@ evaluated in this report is to assist employment counsellors in guiding clients to job openings and/or active labour market policies (ALMPs) based on past outcomes amongst similar clients. Taking information on jobseekers who have successfully integrated to the labour market in the recent past, the digital tool displays the top occupations in which similar jobseekers found jobs as well as, if applicable, which ALMPs they participated in before becoming employed.

While Central Asia has proven relatively resilient to the shocks of COVID-19, China’s slowdown and Russia’s war in Ukraine, declining trend rates of growth across the region, lacklustre productivity performance and lingering global uncertainty underscore the need to address weaknesses in the business and investment climate. The implementation of predictable rules, the creation of a level-playing field between firms and greater competition in markets, in particular, could encourage both local entrepreneurs and foreign investors to invest and grow in the region. This report presents an assessment of progress since the 2019-2020 analysis of the legal environment for business and investment in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan against the backdrop of the changing international context brought about by COVID and the war.