This chapter examines education and training for industrial biotechnology, a field that calls for education outside of normal disciplinary boundaries. Many factors in the education and training of industrial biotechnologists point to multi-disciplinarity. This has been discussed many times, but has been elusive in practice. The most obvious combination of skills needed is synthetic biology or genetic engineering with “green” chemistry, with the reduction-to-practice skills provided by chemical engineering. Other mathematical skills are also important. But for employment in small companies, employees also need to be flexible and willing to multi-task and get soft tasks done. This often does not suit a PhD graduate as doctoral training remains specialist, long-term and driven by publication. Although these issues could have been part of a capacity building discussion in this book, the significant policy implications warrant their own chapter.