This chapter looks first at the statistics on innovative entrepreneurship in France: business creation in general and innovative business creation in particular, company survival and growth, venture capital financing, “business angels”, etc. It then examines the various schemes introduced to support innovative entrepreneurship, which has become a policy priority in French, as well as in the other countries with which it is compared. A first type of scheme offers support for innovative ventures, especially financing for young innovative businesses – whether it is direct (grants, assisted loans) or indirect (taxation). A second type of support targets investors, who can obtain more favourable tax treatment if they invest their savings in these kinds of companies, which are considered to be riskier and therefore less attractive. Lastly, the chapter assesses France’s policy mix in this area and offers recommendations for improving it.