This chapter provides an overview of Slovenia’s innovation inputs and outputs and compares them with other OECD and EU countries, notably the new EU member states in central and eastern Europe and more developed small economies. For inputs, the comparatively high absolute level and constant evolution of gross expenditure on research and development, with a high industrial share, ensure it a good position. The chapter also shows Slovenia’s emphasis on increasing publications, and to a lesser degree patents, with some impact measures still at a low level. Finally, the overall efficiency of the Slovenian innovation system is assessed in comparison with other countries.