This Survey is published on the responsibility of the Economic and Development Review Committee of the OECD, which is charged with the examination of the economic situation of member countries.

The economic situation and policies of the Euro Area were reviewed by the Committee on 3 May 2018. The draft report was then revised in the light of the discussions and given final approval as the agreed report of the whole Committee on 4 June 2018.

The Secretariat’s draft report was prepared for the Committee by Jan Stráský, Aida Caldera Sánchez and Guillaume Claveres under the supervision of Pierre Beynet. Statistical research assistance was provided by Patrizio Sicari and editorial assistance was provided by Elisabetta Pilati.

The previous Survey of the Euro Area was issued in June 2016.

Information about the latest as well as previous Surveys and more information about how Surveys are prepared is available at www.oecd.org/eco/surveys.

    
Basic Statistics of Euro Area, 2017
(Numbers in parentheses refer to the OECD average)a

LAND, PEOPLE AND ELECTORAL CYCLE

Population (million)

340.7

 

Population density per km²

123.5

(37.2)

Under 15 (%)

15.2

(17.9)

Life expectancy (years, 2016)c

82.0

(80.5)

Over 65 (%)

19.5

(17.0)

Men

79.3

(77.9)

Foreign-born (%)

12.6

 

Women

84.6

(83.1)

Latest 5-year average growth (%)

0.2

(0.6)

 

 

 

ECONOMY

Gross domestic product (GDP)

 

 

Value added shares (%, 2016)

 

 

In current prices (billion USD)

12,590

 

Primary sector

1.6

(2.5)

In current prices (billion EUR)

11,169

 

Industry including construction

25.1

(26.7)

Latest 5-year average real growth (%)

1.5

(2.1)

Services

73.4

(70.8)

Per capita (000 USD PPP)

42.9

(42.2)

 

 

 

GENERAL GOVERNMENTd

Per cent of GDP

Expenditure

47.1

(40.6)

Gross financial debt

86.7

 

Revenue

46.2

(37.7)

 

 

 

EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS

Exchange rate (EUR per USD)

0.887

 

Main exports (% of total merchandise exports)

 

 

PPP exchange rate (USA = 1)

0.762

 

Machinery and transport equipment

42.1

 

In per cent of GDP

 

 

Other manufactured goods

23.9

 

Exports of goods and services (including intra EA)

47.3

(58.0)

Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.

17.6

 

Imports of goods and services (including intra EA)

42.9

(53.3)

Main imports (% of total merchandise imports)

 

 

Current account balance

3.5

(0.4)

Machinery and transport equipment

34.5

 

Net international investment position

-1.3

 

Other manufactured goods

25.8

 

 

 

 

Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials

15.1

 

LABOUR MARKET, SKILLS AND INNOVATION

Employment rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)

66.5

(67.7)

Unemployment rate, Labour Force Survey (age 15 and over) (%)

9.1

(5.8)

Men

71.6

(75.4)

Youth (age 15-24, %)

18.8

(11.9)

Women

61.3

(60.1)

Long-term unemployed (1 year and over, %)

4.4

(1.7)

Participation rate for 15-64 year-olds (%)

73.1

(71.1)

Tertiary educational attainment 25-64 year-olds (%)d

30.3

(35.7)

Average hours worked per year (2016)b

1 696

(1 763)

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (% of GDP, 2016)

2.1

(2.3)

ENVIRONMENT

Total primary energy supply per capita (toe, 2016)d

3.5

(4.1)

CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per capita (tonnes, 2015)

7.2

(9.2)

Renewables (%)

12.8

(9.6)

Municipal waste per capita (tonnes, 2016)

0.5

(0.5)

Exposure to air pollution (more than 10 g/m3 of PM2.5, % of population, 2015)

73.0

(75.2)

 

 

 

SOCIETY

Income inequality (Gini coefficient, 2016)d

0.307

(0.311)

Education outcomes (PISA score, 2015)

 

 

At risk of poverty rate (%, 2016)d

10.8

 

Reading

489

(493)

Public and private spending (% of GDP)

 

 

Mathematics

490

(490)

Health care, current expenditure (2016)c

8.6

(9.0)

Science

491

(493)

Pensions (2013)c

9.9

(9.1)

Share of women in parliament (%, April 2018)

32.4

(29.7)

Education (primary, secondary, post sec. non tertiary, 2014)

3.4

(3.7)

Net official development assistance (% of GNI)

0.33

(0.40)

Better life index : www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org

Note: Average of euro area 19 countries unless otherwise indicated.

a. Where the OECD aggregate is not provided in the source database, a simple OECD average of latest available data is calculated where data exist for at least 29 member countries.

b. Average of the euro area member countries that are also members of the OECD (15 countries).

c. Latest available year for the OECD average.

Source: Calculations based on data extracted from the databases of the following organisations: Eurostat, OECD, International Energy Agency, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Inter-Parliamentary Union.