Health at a Glance: Europe 2016
State of Health in the EU Cycle
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This fourth edition of Health at a Glance: Europe presents key indicators of health and health systems in the 28 EU countries, 5 candidate countries to the EU and 3 EFTA countries. This 2016 edition contains two main new features: two thematic chapters analyse the links between population health and labour market outcomes, and the important challenge of strengthening primary care systems in European countries; and a new chapter on the resilience, efficiency and sustainability of health systems in Europe, in order to align the content of this publication more closely with the 2014 European Commission Communication on effective, accessible and resilient health systems. This publication is the result of a renewed collaboration between the OECD and the European Commission under the broader "State of Health in the EU" initiative, designed to support EU member states in their evidence-based policy making.
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Alcohol consumption among adults
Alcohol-related harm is a major public health concern in the European Union, both in terms of morbidity and mortality (WHO Europe, 2012; OECD, 2015). Alcohol was the third leading risk factor for disease and mortality after tobacco and high blood pressure in Europe in 2012 and accounted for an estimated 7.6% of all men’s deaths and 4.0% of all women’s deaths, though there is evidence that women may be more vulnerable to some alcohol-related health conditions compared to men (WHO, 2014). High alcohol intake is associated with increased risk of heart, stroke and vascular diseases, as well as liver cirrhosis and certain cancers, but even moderate alcohol consumption increases the long term risk of developing such diseases. Foetal exposure to alcohol increases the risk of birth defects and intellectual impairments. Alcohol also contributes to death and disability through accidents and injuries, assault, violence, homicide and suicide, particularly among young people.
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