Temporary labour migration is the main means of entry for labour migrants into New Zealand, and has expanded massively since the late 1990s to stand at the highest level in the OECD, relative to its population. Currently, the single largest component of temporary flows is comprised of Working Holiday Schemes. Traditionally, the main category of admission for temporary labour migration has been the Essential Skills visa, which is intended for migrants who fill jobs for which no New Zealander or permanent resident is available. To ensure that priority is given to the domestic workforce while swiftly responding to employer needs, New Zealand has a rather elaborate system. A further important component of temporary flows is international students, who are not considered labour migrants but have some work rights. The bulk of temporary flows goes into low-skilled occupations, mainly through the Working Holiday Schemes and international students. Both of these are largely unmanaged, and there is little oversight of their working conditions.