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Making Property Tax Reform Happen in China

A Review of Property Tax Design and Reform Experiences in OECD Countries

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This report looks at crucial elements of reforms to growth-friendly recurrent taxes on immovable property. Tax design practices in place in OECD and partner countries are compared and analysed through the lenses of economic theory and empirical analysis. A set of good principles and options for reforming recurrent taxes on immovable property based on the latest experience of property tax reforms around the world are presented that are particularly relevant to the Chinese context, where broader use of recurrent taxes on residential properties is needed to make local public finances more sustainable. Challenges and practices related to the administration of property taxes are explored as well as their interplay with different tax designs. In addition, the main political and administrative hurdles in approving and implementing property tax reforms are discussed, and the approaches commonly employed in successfully dealing with them are examined. Although there are major challenges in designing, reforming and managing a recurrent property tax system, it is possible to overcome these in a manner that allows society to reap benefits in terms of a better allocation of resources, more stable house prices and a fairer income distribution.

English

Designing recurrent taxes on immovable property

The main motivations for introducing recurrent taxes on immovable property are to increase tax system efficiency, boost subnational revenue autonomy, make the real estate market more stable and improve quality of land use. Yet recurrent taxes on immovable property may distort investment allocation decisions and can have positive or negative distributive effects. In order to achieve these multiple advantages while minimising the potential downsides, different tax designs are employed across various OECD countries. Tax rates may vary horizontally (i.e. with property use, property characteristics and/or owner characteristics), vertically (i.e. with property value) and regionally (i.e. across jurisdictions). Most countries provide targeted tax benefits, most of which are aimed at low income homeowners and businesses, with substantial differences in the form of the benefits and on their eligibility. This chapter explores such differences in tax design across OECD countries.

English

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