Making Property Tax Reform Happen in China
A Review of Property Tax Design and Reform Experiences in OECD Countries
This report looks at crucial elements of reforms to growth-friendly recurrent taxes on immovable property. Tax design practices in place in OECD and partner countries are compared and analysed through the lenses of economic theory and empirical analysis. A set of good principles and options for reforming recurrent taxes on immovable property based on the latest experience of property tax reforms around the world are presented that are particularly relevant to the Chinese context, where broader use of recurrent taxes on residential properties is needed to make local public finances more sustainable. Challenges and practices related to the administration of property taxes are explored as well as their interplay with different tax designs. In addition, the main political and administrative hurdles in approving and implementing property tax reforms are discussed, and the approaches commonly employed in successfully dealing with them are examined. Although there are major challenges in designing, reforming and managing a recurrent property tax system, it is possible to overcome these in a manner that allows society to reap benefits in terms of a better allocation of resources, more stable house prices and a fairer income distribution.
Reforming recurrent taxes on immovable property
Recurrent taxes on immovable property tend to be unpopular among taxpayers for numerous reasons, including their visibility, indirect relation to income, perceived regressivity, potential for tax hikes and lack of sensitivity to economic growth. These challenges can be addressed through a combination of having frequent property reassessments, coupling tax reform to improvements in local services, allowing payment in instalments, provision of tax benefits and taxpayer education. It is also crucial to consider the impact of the reform across regions and levels of government – these reforms may exacerbate regional inequalities, which can be minimised with changes to equalisation systems. Gradual introduction of the reform can also be valuable to avoid abrupt and distortionary changes in tax obligations, as well as bundling the property tax with the reform of other related taxes. Lastly, timing can be crucial, with booming housing markets often being an ideal period to put forward such a reform.
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