This chapter introduces the value-added tax (VAT) and excise tax systems in Korea, examines VAT revenue ratios across OECD member countries, and estimates the VAT burden of Korean households utilising the Household Income and Expenditure Survey of Statistics Korea and the consumption tax micro-simulation model of the OECD. Korea’s VAT revenue ratio is relatively high amongst OECD countries at around 70%, with this largely attributable to the single rate system with a low standard rate. Meanwhile, by comparing the VAT burden ratios to income or expenditure across income or expenditure deciles, we observe that the distribution of the burden ratios may vary significantly across different combinations of ratios and deciles. Therefore, it may be misleading to rely on a specific measure of the VAT burden ratio, such as the VAT burden ratio to income across income deciles. It is necessary to assess the policy effects of the VAT by comparing multiple measures of policy indicators.