Competition policy contributes to improve economic performance through increased innovation, productivity and investment. In this chapter, different dimensions of competition policy are discussed, such as classical anti-trust regulation as well as competition advocacy initiatives in infrastructure and other industries. Argentina is singled out here as a case study, because the need for an effective competition policy had become particularly pressing during the period of the currency board when a major increase in the relative prices of the nontradable sector occurred. Up to 1999, competition policy in Argentina was limited to resolving private claims of anti-competitive behaviour. Thereafter, competition institutions were reinforced and have been ...