How can ports keep their competitive edge? That is the core question of this chapter, which is of prime relevance to port-cities, given that only well-functioning, competitive ports are able to create economic value. The three main determinants for competitive ports, identified here, are: extensive maritime forelands, effective port operations and strong hinterland connections. Long-term competitiveness of the port is also dependent on the support of the local population, which is necessary to sustain port functions in metropolitan areas.