Since 2000, some 80 countries and economies – including 40 middle-income countries and 4 low-income countries – collaborate every three years to compare how well their school systems prepare young people for life and work. As more countries joined the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), it became apparent that the test needed to evolve to successfully cater to a larger and more diverse set of countries. In response to this challenge, the OECD and a number of partners launched the PISA for Development initiative in 2013. In this episode, Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s Director of the Directorate of Education and Skills, and Jaime Saavedra, the World Bank’s Director of Education, speak about how this initiative further develops the PISA instruments to better support evidence-based policy making in middle- and low-income countries.