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Work-based learning can provide a bridge into careers and its potential benefits are particularly noticeable for youth at risk – those most likely to face difficulties in accessing jobs and learning opportunities. If this potential is to be fully realised, work-based learning programmes must be attractive to employers. Achieving this requires a closer look at the costs and benefits for employers when they offer work-based learning. This paper looks at tools designed to help get employers on board for work-based learning, with an emphasis on work-based learning for youth at risk. International experience suggests that financial incentives, such as subsidies and tax breaks are not the answer. Attention should be focussed instead on non-financial measures that improve the cost-benefit balance of apprenticeship to employers. These include adjusting key parameters of apprenticeship schemes, better preparing youth at risk for apprenticeship and providing support (e.g. remedial courses, mentoring) to youth at risk during apprenticeship.
Cette note montre en quoi l’autonomisation des femmes est essentielle à la sécurité et à la résilience alimentaire et nutritionnelle en Afrique de l’Ouest. Elle suggère des arguments éclairés tirés de l’expérience ouest-africaine pour nourrir les politiques et stratégies en vue de l’agenda international pour le développement durable à l’horizon 2030. Les femmes ouest-africaines jouent un rôle important à chaque étape du système alimentaire, de la production à la nutrition en passant par la distribution. Elles contribuent à renforcer la résilience et la capacité d’adaptation aux incertitudes et aux chocs tels que les effets du changement climatique. Alors qu’il est clair que les femmes aident de manière significative à l’élimination de la faim et de la malnutrition, il est également évident qu’elles doivent être mieux représentées politiquement et participer davantage au dialogue sur les politiques.
Fueled by a burgeoning population, urbanisation and income growth, West African food demand is rapidly transforming, with striking increases in total quantities demanded, growing preference for convenience, diversification of diets towards more perishable products, and an increased concern for product quality. These changes provide great opportunities for the West African food system to increase production, value added, job creation and food security. Yet a number of structural and policy constraints continue to threaten the ability of West Africa to seize these opportunities. This paper analyses the key drivers of change and their implications on the various demands facing the food system. It then looks at how different elements of the food system respond to evolving demands, discusses the constraints to more effective responses, and finally considers some policy implications and key recommendations, particularly in the context of the ECOWAS-led efforts to develop and implement more effective regional agricultural policies.