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Investment in human capital is to the fore of debate and analysis in OECD countries about how to promote economic prosperity, fuller employment, and social cohesion. Individuals, organisations and nations increasingly recognise that high levels of knowledge, skills and competencies are essential to their future security and success. Investment in skills and competencies takes place in a variety of settings ranging from early childhood education to informal learning in the workplace, and involves a wide range of actors from individuals to enterprises and governments.

This report aims to clarify what is now known about human capital and how it can be measured. It responds to a request by governments represented in the OECD Council "to develop an initial set of indicators of human capital investment based on existing data, analyse areas where significant gaps remain in internationally comparable data, identify the cost of development of data collection for new measures and performance indicators, and report to Ministers in 1998".

These Guidelines provide ways for donor governments to honour their commitment to conflict prevention as an integral part of the quest to reduce poverty. They cover key issues such as: security, development and dealing with small arms; regional co-operation; peace processes, justice and reconciliation; engaging in partnerships for peace; working with business; and grappling with the political economy of war - situations where powerful groups acquire a vested interest in sparking or perpetuating violent conflict. They identify concrete opportunities for donor assistance in support of peace that include: democratisation; inter-community relations; education and cross-cultural training; human rights training; freedom and access to information; the reintegration of uprooted populations; the demobilisation of former combatants; landmine clearing; and the restoration of a capacity for economic management.

This full set of guidance on conflict prevention to date from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) includes the 2001 Supplement and the ground-breaking 1997 Guidelines. This work marks a reaffirmation of the international community’s commitment to work together across government systems to improve their analyses of violent conflicts and establish more coherent policies.

“… We are promoting the consideration of conflict prevention in development assistance strategies with a view to achieving quicker and better co-ordinated assistance strategies – including the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HPIC) initiative – and ensuring a smooth transition from relief to post-conflict development. A significant example of such consideration is the April 2001 OECD/DAC Supplement to the 1997 Guidelines on Conflict, Peace and Development Co-operation.”

– Excerpt from the Conclusions of the G-8 Foreign Ministers’ meeting, July 2001.

This second edition of Health at a Glance brings together the latest comparable data and trends concerning health status and risks, the activity and resources of health care systems, as well as health expenditure and financing across the 30 OECD countries. It contains a larger set of indicators than the previous edition. Health at a Glance provides striking evidence of the variations across OECD countries in most indicators of health status, health care activity and expenditure.

For each indicator, there are charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief commentaries highlighting the key findings conveyed by the data, and a methodological box with the definition of the indicator. In addition, a statistical annex provides data tables for each indicator, often presenting long time series going as far back as 1960. The key indicators are drawn from OECD Health Data 2003.

This third edition of Health at a Glance – OECD Indicators 2005 provides the latest comparable data and trends on different aspects of the performance of health systems in OECD countries. It provides striking evidence of large variations across countries in indicators of health status and health risks, and in the costs, allocation of resources and outputs of health systems. Compared to the previous edition, it contains an expanded set of indicators related to health promotion and disease prevention, reflecting growing policy interest in striking a better balance between spending on prevention and care.

Each indicator in the book is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief commentaries highlighting the key findings conveyed by the data, and a methodological box on the definition of the indicator. Each table and graph has a StatLink at the bottom, enabling users to find the related data in spreadsheet form over the internet. In addition, a statistical annex provides additional information for each indicator, often presenting long time series going as far back as 1960.

This publication takes as its basis OECD Health Data 2005, the most comprehensive database on health and health systems across the 30 OECD member countries.

This first book in the new OECD Insights Series examines the increasing economic and social importance of human capital - our education, skills, competencies, and knowledge. As economies in developed countries shift away from manufacturing, economic success for individuals and national economies is increasingly reliant on the quality of human capital. Raising human capital has emerged as a key policy priority, particularly for low-skilled individuals, who are at risk of being left even further behind.

Policy in this area is focusing on early childhood development, improving quality and choice in schooling, creating excellence in tertiary education, and widening access to adult learning. Drawing on the research and analysis of the OECD, this dynamic new book uses straightforward language to explain how countries across the OECD area are responding to the challenge of raising their levels of human capital.  This book includes Statlinks, URLs linking statistical tables and graphs in the text of the book to Excel spreadsheets showing the underlying data.

Welche Auswirkungen haben Bildung und Lernen auf unsere Gesellschaften und Volkswirtschaften? Wie lassen sich Ungleichheiten in der Bildung beseitigen? Und wie können wir gewährleisten, dass jeder Einzelne in allen Lebensphasen die Art von Lernmöglichkeit erhält, die ihm den größtmöglichen Nutzen bringt und durch die er sein Humankapital voll entfalten kann?

Dieser Bericht erläutert die zunehmende Bedeutung des Humankapitals für den Einzelnen und für die Gesellschaft bei der Bewältigung des sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Wandels. Ferner wird untersucht, inwiefern es den Ländern gelingt, die Menschen Zeit ihres Lebens durch die Bereitstellung von Aus- und Weiterbildungsangeboten zu unterstützen.

Demographic changes increasingly shape social policies as most OECD populations are ageing and include more migrants and “minorities”. Japan and Korea have already started to see their enrolments in tertiary education decline, but other countries like Turkey and Mexico can still expect a boom. Drawing on trend data and projections, this book takes an in-depth look at these important questions from both a qualitative and quantitative standpoint. Issues covered include the impact of demographic changes on student enrolment, educational attainment, academic staff and policy choices. Particular attention is given to how access policies determine the demographics of tertiary education, notably by examining access to higher education for disabled and migrant students. The book covers most OECD countries, illustrating the analysis with specific examples from France, Japan, Korea and the United States. This book is the first volume in the Higher Education to 2030 series, which takes a forward-looking approach to analysing the impact of various contemporary trends on tertiary education systems. Two further volumes will examine the effects of technology and globalisation, and a fourth will present scenarios for the future of higher education systems.

This fifth edition of Health at a Glance provides the latest comparable data on different aspects of the performance of health systems in OECD countries. It provides striking evidence of large variations across countries in the costs, activities and results of health systems. Key indicators provide information on health status, the determinants of health, health care activities and health expenditure and financing in OECD countries.

This edition also contains new chapters on the health workforce and on access to care, an important policy objective in all OECD countries. The chapter on quality of care has been extended to include a set of indicators on the quality of care for chronic conditions.

Each indicator in the book is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief descriptive analyses highlighting the major findings conveyed by the data, and a methodological box on the definition of the indicator and any limitations in data comparability. An annex provides additional information on the demographic and economic context within which health systems operate, as well as a concise description of key characteristics in health system financing and delivery of services in OECD countries.

질병 예방 및 치료의 발달로 OECD 국가들은 최근 수십 년간 평균수명과 삶의 질에서 괄목할 만한 개선을 이룰 수 있었다. 동시에 의료비도 계속 증가하여 앖으며, 의료비가 국민소득 에서 차지하는 비중 역시 계속 늘어앖다: 현재 GDP대비 국민의료비는 OECD 국가 평균 9% 내외를 차지하는데, 1970년에는 5%를 갓 넘는 수준이었다.

한눈에 보는 보건지표 제 5판인 이 책은 OECD 국가 의료제도의 성과의 여러 측면에 대한 비교 가능한 최근의 데이터를 제공한다. 의료제도의 비용, 활동, 결과가 국가 간에 광범위한 변이를 가짐을 분명히 보여준다.

주요 지표들은 건강상태, 건강의 결정요인, 보건의료 활동 그리고 의료비 및 재원조달에 대한 정 보를 제공한다. 이번 판은 또한 OECD 국가들의 중요한 정책목표인 보건의료인력과 의료접근성 대해서도 다뤘다. 보건의료의 질에 대한 장에서는 만성질환에 대한 보건의료의 질을 나타낼수 있는 지표를 새로 포함시켰다. 이 책의 각 지표들은 독자들이 편하게 볼 수 있도록 제시되었는데, 국가 상호간 및 경시적 차이 를 나타내는 차트, 데이터가 제공하는 주요 시사점에 초점을 맞춘 간단한 분석적 설명, 지표의 정의 및 데이터 비교에 있어서의 한계점에 관한 방법론 박스로 구성되어 있다. 부록은 OECD국 가에서 의료제도가 작동하는 인구학적·경제적 구조에 대한 정보를 추가적으로 제공하고 있으며 의료제도의 재원 및 서비스 전달에서의 핵심 특징들을 간추리고 있다.

People in OECD countries are healthier than ever before, as shown by longer life expectancy and lower mortality for diseases such as cancer. At the same time, total spending on health care now absorbs over 9% of GDP on average in the OECD. Achieving value for money in the health care sector is an important objective in all OECD countries.

The book takes an in-depth look at health care in OECD countries today. What is the status of people’s health? How do we measure health outcomes? How do we assess the efficiency of health care systems? How are health policies and institutions linked with the performance of health care systems? The chapters explore the answers to such questions. They cover: trends in health care outcomes and spending; ways of assessing efficiency; new indicators of health care policies and institutions; and the characteristics and performance of health care systems.

This special edition of Health at a Glance focuses on health issues across the 27 European Union member states, three European Free Trade Association countries (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) and Turkey. It gives readers a better understanding of the factors that affect the health of populations and the performance of health systems in these countries.Its 42 indicators present comparable data covering a wide range of topics, including health status, risk factors,  health workforce and health expenditure.

Each indicator in the book is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief descriptive analyses highlighting the major findings conveyed by the data, and a methodological box on the definition of the indicators and any limitations in data comparability. An annex provides additional information on the demographic and economic context within which health systems operate.   

This publication is the result of collaboration between the OECD and the European Commission, with the help of national data correspondents from the 31 countries.

This first edition of Health at a Glance: Asia/Pacific presents a set of key indicators of health status, the determinants of health, health care resources and utilisation, and health care expenditure and financing across 27 Asia/Pacific countries and economies in the Asia/Pacific region.  

Drawing on a wide range of data sources, it builds on the format used in previous editions of Health at a Glance: OECD Indicators, and gives readers a better understanding of the factors that affect the health of populations and the performance of health systems.  

Each of the 32 indicators in the book is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief descriptive analyses highlighting the major findings conveyed by the data, and a methodological box on the definition of the indicator and any limitations in data comparability. An annex provides additional information on the demographic contexts in which health systems operate. 

This book examines the challenges countries are facing with regard to providing and paying for long-term care. With populations ageing and the need for long-term care growing rapidly, this book looks at such issues as: future demographic trends, policies to support family carers, long-term care workers, financing arrangements, long-term care insurance, and getting better value for money in long-term care. 

 

“WHO recognizes that long-term care represents a major challenge for all countries in the world, with important implications for economic development and for the health and well-being of older people. This well-documented book provides a comparative analysis of the common challenges and diverse solutions OECD countries are adopting to respond to the growing demand for long-term care services, and particularly its implications for financing and labour markets.  It provides much needed evidence to guide policy makers and individuals.”

-Dr John Beard, Director, Department of Ageing and Life Course,
World Health Organization

 

“This carefully researched book offers invaluable data and insights into the organization and financing of long-term care in OECD countries.  The book is an indispensable resource for anyone interested in international long-term care”.

-Dr. Joshua M. Wiener, Distinguished Fellow and Program Director
of RTI’s Aging, Disability, and Long-Term Care Program, United States

한 눈에 보는 보건 : 2010 아시아/태평양판 첫 보고서는 아태지역 27개국의 건강상태, 건강 결 정요인, 보건의료 자원 및 활용, 보건의료비 지출 및 재원조달 관련 주요 지표를 제시한다. 다양한 데이터 소스를 바탕으로 "한 눈에 보는 OECD 보건지표"의 기존 보고서 형식으로 구성하 여 출간하였다. 본보고서는 인구의 건강에 영향을 미치는 요소와 보건의료 체계의 성과에 대한 독자들의 이해를 돕는다. 본 보고서에서 제시된 32개의 지표는 모두 사용자 친화적인 방법으로 표시하였다. 지표는 국가 별 차이를 확인할 수 있는 차트와 데이터가 나타내고 있는 내용에 대한 간단한 설명을 덧붙였 고, 정의 및 측정 방법란에는 지표의 정의와 데이터 비교가능성에 대한 제약을 설명했다. 첨부문 서에는 보건의료체계가 운영되는 인구 ․경제적 환경에 대해 부가정보를 제공한다.

 

Every person aspires to a good life. But what does “a good or a better life” mean? This report looks at the most important aspects that shape people’s lives and well-being: income, jobs, housing, health, work and life-balance, education, social connections, civic engagement and governance, environment, personal security and subjective well-being. It paints a comprehensive picture of well-being in OECD countries and other major economies, by looking at people’s material living conditions and quality of life across the population. The report responds to the needs of citizens for better information on well-being and of policy makers to give a more accurate picture of societal progress.

The report finds that well-being has increased on average over the past fifteen years: people are richer and more likely to be employed; they enjoy better housing conditions and are exposed to lower air pollution; they live longer and are more educated; they are also exposed to fewer crimes. But differences across countries are large. Furthermore, some groups of the population, particularly less educated and low-income people, tend to fare systematically worse in all dimensions of well-being considered in this report: for instance they live shorter lives and report greater health problems; their children obtain worse school results; they participate less in political activities; they can rely on lower social networks in case of needs; they are more exposed to crime and pollution; they tend to be less satisfied with their life as a whole than more educated and higher-income people.

How’s Life? is part of the OECD Better Life Initiative, launched by the Organization on the occasion of its 50th Anniversary. The OECD Better Life Initiative aims to promote “Better Policies for Better Lives”, in line with the OECD’s overarching mission. One of the other pillars of the OECD Better Life Initiative is the Your Better Life Index ( www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org ), an interactive composite index of well-being that aims at involving citizens in the debate on societal progress.