Stated preference methods offer a direct survey approach to estimating willingness to pay for changes in provision of (non-market) goods. In this chapter, the most prominent example – the contingent valuation (CV) method – is discussed. The CV method is applicable to almost all non-market goods, to ex ante and ex post valuations and it is one of the few available methodologies able to capture all types of benefits from a non-market good including those unrelated to current or future use.