Framed in terms of the Third Mission, the “enterprise” or “entrepreneurial” university has increasingly become normalised in public policy; however there remains much contention about the implication of third stream activities. There is little rigorous evidence as to whether the Third Mission adversely affects teaching and/or (basic) research. Martin and Etzkowitz (2000) note there is some anecdotal evidence that the Third Mission has had a positive impact. Indeed, it is to this debate that this paper seeks to contribute. It considers how the Third Mission can positively reinforce teaching and research activities and how this is arguably more significant than the Third Mission itself. Indeed, it proposes that triangulating teaching, research and third stream activities should reinforce the respective dynamics of each through their recursive and reciprocal development. Conceptualising institutional engagement with the third stream holistically in terms of entrepreneurial architectures may enable universities to stimulate institutional development beyond the Third Mission. The paper concludes by reflecting upon and looking towards the future of higher education policy and the management of higher education institutions.

This report investigates the role of drones as part of the future transport mix. It specifically addresses the issues policy makers face in engaging with the emerging private drone sector. Drones have the potential to improve existing practices, for instance in the surveying of infrastructure. They also have innovative uses in areas such as freight delivery, passenger transport in both urban and rural areas, or in disaster relief. With the sector developing at a rapid pace, regulators will want to create frameworks for drone use that allow innovation while ensuring positive overall outcomes.

Nuclear Law Bulletin: A look back at the past 50 years
Historical Forewords
Nuclear Law Bulletin: Publication covers through time
Reflections on the Nuclear Law Bulletin
Commentaries on the Nuclear Law Bulletin
  100 issues of the Nuclear Law Bulletin by Roland Dussart-Desart 
  The Nuclear Law Bulletin: Source of informing on, and instrument of developing, nuclear law. Hommage à un journal juridique

The survey submissions indicate that bilateral donors and multilateral agencies have become much more active in TRTA/CB over the last few years, particularly since the 2001 WTO Doha Ministerial Conference. This increased activity is not only reflected in increased funding for TRTA/CB, but also in the number of donors/ agencies with explicit strategies and programming guidelines for TRTA/CB; enhanced awareness among donors of the importance of TRTA/CB for development and poverty reduction; and the strengthened, and sometimes institutionalised, dialogue between development and trade practitioners. In addition, several donors and agencies have recently embarked on ambitious reviews of their own bilateral TRTA/CB programmes and/or their participation in multilateral programmes, in order to assess the effectiveness of their TRTA/CB activities.

Developing countries differ greatly in their potential for development and in the challenges they face. In one respect, however, many share a common problem: too little aid from too many donors. This report traces up to 3 700 aid relationships between all 151 aid recipient countries and the 46 largest donors, covering all members of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and the largest multilateral agencies. This complex reality is often referred to as fragmentation of aid. This 2009 report examines the concept of aid fragmentation across countries, and what has happened since the adoption of the Paris Declaration. It also proposes measures for concentration and fragmentation, and options for tackling excessive fragmentation. Where a donor-partner aid relation is not considered non-significant from either the donor’s or the recipient’s point of view, there is an opportunity for some rationalisation. This report shows that a decrease of 23% in the number of relationships is possible when only 4% of aid is reorganised. This reorganisation, in turn, would lead to an increase in the volume of the average donor-partner aid relation of 30%.

SMEs are key to strengthening productivity, delivering more inclusive growth and adapting to the major transformations of our time. SMEs that grow have a considerable positive impact on employment creation, innovation, productivity growth and competitiveness. While the population of SMEs is very diverse, innovation and scale-up are at the reach of many SMEs. Digital technologies and global value chains offer new opportunities for SMEs to participate in the global economy, innovate and grow. However, SMEs are lagging behind in the digital transition and are disproportionately affected by market failures, trade barriers, policy inefficiencies and the quality of institutions. A conducive business environment, is essential to incentivise risk-taking and experimentation by entrepreneurs, and foster business growth potential. Access to entrepreneurship competencies, management and workforce skills, technology, innovation, and networks, is also critical to enable SME growth. A cross-cutting approach to SME policy can enhance SME contributions to inclusive growth.

Discussions relating to the 2018 Facilitative Dialogue (FD2018), mandated under the Paris Agreement, are on-going. These discussions are on the scope, inputs, and modalities of the FD2018 as well as any outputs or outcomes from the FD2018. While the mandate of the FD2018 does not explicitly call for outputs or outcomes, identifying outcomes and outputs ex ante could be useful in focusing discussions and inputs to the facilitative dialogue, as well as in shaping its modalities. The objective of this paper is to highlight the implications of agreeing and identifying specific outputs and outcomes ex ante, and exploring what type of outputs and outcomes would best serve the interests of the FD2018. This document also identifies key questions that could guide decision-making on what modalities would be appropriate for the FD2018; however, identification of options for specific modalities of FD2018 are out of the scope of this paper.

This paper provides an update to the report G20/OECD Effective Approaches for Implementing the G20/OECD High-Level Principles on SME Financing which identifies effective approaches adopted by countries to implement the G20/OECD High-Level Principles on SME Financing, welcomed by the G20 Leaders at their Antalya Summit in 2015. It draws on participating countries’ replies to dedicated surveys. In total, 40 countries participated in the process, including 15 G20 countries.

Digital government is essential to transform government processes and services in ways that improve the responsiveness and reliability of the public sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic it also proved crucial to governments' ability to continue operating in times of crisis and provide timely services to citizens and businesses. Yet, for the digital transformation to be sustainable in the long term, it needs solid foundations, including adaptable governance arrangements, reliable and resilient digital public infrastructure, and a prospective approach to governing with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. This paper presents the main findings of the 2023 edition of the OECD Digital Government Index (DGI), which benchmarks the efforts made by governments to establish the foundations necessary for a coherent, human-centred digital transformation of the public sector. It comprises 155 data points from 33 member countries, 4 accession countries and 1 partner country collected in 2022, covering the period between 01 January 2020 and 31 October 2022.

Open government data has become a vital instrument for addressing both longstanding and emerging policy issues. In particular, the recent pandemic and the green transition have underscored the need for governments to ensure access to timely, relevant, and high-quality data to foster resilience and facilitate a comprehensive whole-of-society response. This paper presents the main findings of the fourth edition of the OECD Open, Useful, and Re-usable data (OURdata) Index for 2023, which benchmarks efforts made by governments to design and implement national open government data policies. It encompasses over 670 data points collected from 36 OECD countries and 4 accession countries throughout 2022.