Much has changed in the space economy over the past decade, with an ever-growing number of countries and business enterprises involved in space activities. Despite progress made in the quality and availability of data, the international comparability of space economy statistics remains limited. A decade after its first publication, it is therefore time to provide an up-to-date revision of the OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy to reflect the changing landscape of space activities, space technologies and subsequent evolving user needs. This new edition aims to encourage and facilitate data collection among both incumbents and new actors involved in space activities, respond to the needs of the public agencies that still fund the bulk of space programmes, and support industry and private decision-takers who will also benefit from improved statistics on the space economy.
The Open Government Review of Brazil provides an evidence-based assessment of the country’s open government agenda against the ten provisions of the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Open Government. It is also the first OECD Open Government Review to integrate a civic space perspective. The review takes stock of past reform efforts, analyses the present situation and suggests key actions Brazil could take to strengthen its open government initiatives at the federal level, including in the areas of transparency and open data, citizen and stakeholder participation, social accountability and the protection of the civic space. The review provides a roadmap towards an integrated open government agenda in Brazil, including the design of Brazil's first Federal Open Government Strategy.
The OECD Recommendation on Children in the Digital Environment provides guidance for governments and other stakeholders on putting in place policies and procedures to empower and protect children in the digital environment. The Recommendation was developed in recognition that the digital environment is a fundamental part of children’s daily lives, and that strong policy frameworks are needed to both protect children from any potential harm, and to help them realise the opportunities that it can bring.
This companion document aims to assist governments and other stakeholders in implementing the Recommendation. It expands upon the context in which the Recommendation was developed, and considers in detail specific aspects of the Recommendation, in particular different stakeholders and their roles (e.g. parents, governments, digital service providers) as well as key underlying concepts such as children’s privacy, digital literacy and child safety by design.
Fostering SME development and digital transformation helps increase productivity, in turn fostering stronger, more diversified and dynamic economies. The Government of Georgia has made significant policy efforts in recent years to build an environment conducive to private-sector development and entrepreneurship, and to support small and medium-sized enterprises in particular. The OECD has supported this reform impetus, working closely with the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development to help identify gaps and develop relevant measures to create a conducive policy environment for Georgian SMEs.
Twenty-first-century health systems will be built around data and information. An integrated health information system enables the secure flow of data to where they can be used to create information and knowledge to advance policy and health system objectives. This report describes the requirements and the benefits of an integrated health information system; outlines the current situation in Korea in the context of progress across OECD countries; and recommends policy and operational changes to overcome barriers to the efficient exchange and sharing of health data and establish an integrated health information system that supports continuous learning, improvement and innovation.
Education systems can build on school-led micro-innovations during the pandemic to develop more equitable learning. Empowering teachers to be autonomous, actively engaged in designing learning environments, and knowledgeable and dynamic in using multi-modal technology can encourage more peer-to-peer collaboration in schools and enrich pedagogy. This will be crucial in addressing the learning needs of disadvantaged students and boosting science proficiency with the goal of societal equity.
Digital transformations bring about fundamental changes in how institutions – from governments to businesses – operate. National statistical offices (NSOs) face growing expectations from data users and need to adapt their digital capabilities accordingly. For NSOs in low and middle-income countries, who may have had limited exposure to digitalisation to date, keeping pace with rapid technological change is challenging.
This report uses examples from six NSOs to explore common barriers for NSOs in their digital transformations and identifies specific drivers. The report makes a case for digital transformations through more comprehensive institutional changes such as governance, procurement and human resources. In addition, the report outlines specific recommendations at the individual, technological, organisational and system level to guide NSOs and their partners towards a successful digital transformation.
Les données de santé sont essentielles pour des services de santé modernes, la gestion des systèmes de santé, la recherche et l’innovation, et il convient de les gérer avec discernement pour favoriser leur utilisation tout en protégeant la vie privée et la sécurité des données. La Recommandation de l’OCDE de 2016 sur la gouvernance des données de santé propose une feuille de route facilitant l’harmonisation des approches de la gouvernance des données de santé entre les pays. Elle préconise de mettre en place des cadres de gouvernance des données nationales de santé, en suivant les principes énoncés, et d’encourager la coopération internationale en matière de gouvernance et d’interopérabilité des données. Ce rapport donne un aperçu de la mise en œuvre de la Recommandation pour la période 2016-2021 et montre que, dans l’ensemble, malgré certaines avancées encourageantes, de nombreux pays Adhérents s’emploient toujours à sa mise en œuvre dans des domaines tels que le partage, l’accessibilité, la qualité, l’interopérabilité et la sécurité des données ainsi que la protection de la vie privée. Les efforts visant à soutenir la mise en œuvre et la diffusion de la Recommandation se poursuivront au cours du prochain cycle de suivi au Conseil (2022-27), en mettant l’accent sur la cybersécurité, l’harmonisation des mécanismes de gouvernance des données de santé à l’appui de projets internationaux et l’amélioration de l’interopérabilité des données de santé à l’échelle mondiale.
Health data are essential to modern health care delivery, health system management and research and innovation, and must be well governed to foster their use while protecting privacy and data security. The 2016 OECD Recommendation on Health Data Governance provides a roadmap towards more harmonised approaches to health data governance across countries. It recommends implementing national health data governance frameworks and sets out the key principles to follow when doing so, while promoting trans-border co-operation in data governance and interoperability. This report provides an overview of the implementation of the Recommendation from 2016-2021 and finds that while there are examples of good progress, overall many Adherents are still working towards implementation in areas including data sharing, accessibility, quality, interoperability and security and privacy protections. Efforts to support the implementation and dissemination of the Recommendation will continue for the next reporting cycle (2022-27) with a focus on cybersecurity, harmonising health data governance to allow for multi-country projects and improving global health data interoperability.
Le Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030 se caractérise par un degré d’ambition sans précédent, mais il représente aussi un formidable défi pour les pays du fait de la complexité et de l’imbrication de ses 17 objectifs et 169 cibles. Afin d’aider les gouvernements nationaux à le mettre en œuvre, l’OCDE a mis au point une méthode unique permettant de comparer les progrès accomplis ainsi que les dynamiques sous-jacentes pour l’ensemble des objectifs et cibles du Programme de Développement Durable. Sur la base du Cadre mondial d’indicateurs relatifs aux Objectifs de Développement Durable et de données provenant des Nations Unies et de l’OCDE, le présent rapport propose un bilan détaillé des résultats obtenus par les pays membres de l’OCDE. Pour l’ensemble des cibles pour lesquelles des données existent, ce rapport évalue la distance que les pays de l’OCDE ont à parcourir afin d’atteindre les Objectifs de Développement Durable mais il va plus loin et approfondit l’analyse en mettant en évidence les tendances de fond ainsi que l’impact potentiel de la pandémie de COVID-19. En faisant le point sur les forces et les faiblesses des pays par rapport aux différents ODD, ce rapport vise à aider les pays Membres à avancer au mieux vers la réalisation de ces objectifs et à identifier leurs propres priorités d’action.
The COVID-19 crisis has given renewed urgency to efforts to support the digitalisation of SMEs. However, many SMEs lag behind larger firms in the digital transition as a result of important barriers with respect to skills, innovation, infrastructure, regulation and finance. The SME digital gap slows productivity growth and increases inequalities among people, firms and places. In this context, the Government of Azerbaijan requested the OECD’s assistance in supporting the design and implementation of strategies and policies to foster the digital transformation of Azerbaijan’s SME sector.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has an unprecedented ambition, but also confronts countries with an enormous challenge given the complex and integrated nature of the Agenda with its 17 Goals, underpinned by 169 Targets. To assist national governments with their implementation, the OECD has developed a unique methodology allowing comparison of progress across SDG goals and targets, and also over time. Based on the Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and leveraging UN and OECD data, this report provides a high-level assessment of OECD Member countries’ performance across the Goals and Targets of the 2030 Agenda. The report evaluates the distance that OECD countries need to travel to meet SDG targets for which data is currently available, but it goes one step further and deepens the analysis by identifying long-term trends, considering also how these trends may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. By providing a high-level overview of countries’ strengths and weaknesses in performance across the SDGs, it aims to support Member countries in navigating the SDGs and in setting their own priorities for action within the broad 2030 Agenda.
Intelligence artificielle, robotique, Internet des objets ... : la transformation numérique révolutionne les économies et les sociétés. Dans cette économie mondiale numérisée, les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire peinent à trouver leur place, à cause d'un manque de capacités et de compétences numériques, mais aussi du fait de la fragmentation des règles mondiales et régionales. Qui plus est, les déficits de gouvernance et l'usage malveillant de la technologie numérique y représentent une menace pour la stabilité politique, la démocratie, les droits de l'homme et l'égalité.
L'édition 2021 du rapport Coopération pour le développement appelle à mettre le principe d'inclusion au cœur des processus de technologie numérique, ainsi que des normes et standards qui sont en train d'émerger. Avec les données les plus récentes et les analyses d'experts gouvernementaux, des organisations internationales, des universités, des entreprises et de la société civile, le rapport offre aux organismes de développement international les conseils et bonnes pratiques pour mettre les individus, les communautés et les objectifs de développement durable au centre de la transformation numérique.
Les profils des pays francophones (Belgique, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Suisse) et des institutions de l’Union européenne sont disponibles en français, et les autres en anglais.
Governments can use artificial intelligence (AI) to design better policies and make better and more targeted decisions, enhance communication and engagement with citizens, and improve the speed and quality of public services. The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region is seeking to leverage the immense potential of AI to promote the digital transformation of the public sector. The OECD, in collaboration with CAF, Development Bank of Latin America, prepared this report to help national governments in the LAC region understand the current regional baseline of activities and capacities for AI in the public sector; to identify specific approaches and actions they can take to enhance their ability to use this emerging technology for efficient, effective and responsive governments; and to collaborate across borders in pursuit of a regional vision for AI in the public sector. This report incorporates a stocktaking of each country’s strategies and commitments around AI in the public sector, including their alignment with the OECD AI Principles. It also includes an analysis of efforts to build key governance capacities and put in place critical enablers for AI in the public sector. It concludes with a series of recommendations for governments in the LAC region.
The development and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to expand opportunities for the achievement of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including gender equality.
Taking a closer look at the intersection of gender and technology, this collaboration between UNESCO, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) examines the effects of AI on the working lives of women. This report describes the challenges and opportunities presented by the use of emerging technology such as AI from a gender perspective. The report highlights the need for more focus and research on the impacts of AI on women and the digital gender gap, in order to ensure that women are not left behind in the future of work.
El desarrollo y el uso de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) siguen expandiendo las oportunidades para lograr los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de las Naciones Unidas, incluyendo la igualdad de género.
Acercando la mirada a la intersección de género y tecnología, esta colaboración entre UNESCO, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) analiza los efectos de la IA sobre la vida laboral de las mujeres.
Este informe describe los desafíos y las oportunidades que presenta el uso de tecnologías emergentes como la IA desde una perspectiva de género. Este informe subraya la necesidad de enfocar e investigar más sobre los impactos de la IA sobre las mujeres y sobre la brecha digital de género, para asegurar que las mujeres no sean dejadas de lado en el futuro del trabajo.
Le développement et l'utilisation de l'intelligence artificielle (IA) continuent d’élargir les possibilités de réalisation des 17 objectifs de développement durable (ODD) des Nations unies, notamment l’égalité des genres. En examinant de plus près l’intersection entre le genre et la technologie, cette collaboration entre l’UNESCO, la Banque interaméricaine de développement (BID) et l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) examine les effets de l'IA sur la vie professionnelle des femmes. Ce rapport rend compte de défis et des opportunités présentés par l’utilisation de technologies émergentes telles que l’IA dans une perspective de genre. Le rapport souligne la nécessité de se concentrer davantage et de mener des recherches sur les impacts de l’IA sur les femmes et sur le fossé numérique entre les sexes, afin de s'assurer que les femmes ne sont pas laissées pour compte dans l’avenir du travail.
Chile ha emprendido un ambicioso camino hacia una nueva constitución. Para cualquier país, la redacción de una nueva constitución o la enmienda de la existente es un reto estimulante, pero a su vez un proceso exigente tanto desde el punto de vista político como técnico. Este informe presenta los resultados de un ejercicio comparado realizado por la OCDE de posibles provisiones constitucionales que refleja experiencias de los países miembros de la OCDE. Los ámbitos tratados incluyen los derechos económicos y sociales, el sistema de gobierno, la gobernanza multinivel, la revisión constitucional, la gobernanza fiscal y el papel y funcionamiento de los bancos centrales.
Chile has embarked on an ambitious path towards a new constitution. For all countries, drafting a new constitution or amending an existing one is a stimulating challenge, but also a demanding process from both a political and technical standpoint. This report presents the results of a benchmarking exercise conducted by the OECD of possible constitutional provisions, reflecting the experiences of OECD member countries. The components covered include economic and social rights, the system of government, multi-level governance, constitutional review, fiscal governance and the role and functioning of central banks.
This Open and Connected Government Review of Thailand, the first of its kind, assesses Thailand’s efforts to build a government that is closer and more responsive to its citizens by using digitalisation, data and stakeholder participation to drive national development. In line with OECD good practices, the Recommendations of the Council on Digital Government Strategies (2014) and on Open Government (2017), and the OECD Digital Government Policy Framework, the review looks at institutional and legal governance, digital talent and skills, public service provision and the strategic use of technologies and data in the Thai government. The review provides policy recommendations to help the government of Thailand fully benefit from openness and digitalisation to build an inclusive, responsive, citizen- and data-driven public administration.