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Glasgow City Region - composed of eight Local Authorities - is Scotland’s largest integrated economic area, accounting for a third of Scotland's jobs and economic output. Over the last two decades, the unemployment rate has decreased to a record low, and the share of degree holders has increased significantly. Despite its overall economic success and high growth potential, Glasgow City Region faces several challenges. The region’s productivity levels compare poorly with other UK cities and major OECD metropolitan regions, and income deprivation and economic inactivity are high. As the economy has recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic, the pressure on the labour market has increased, resulting in labour shortages. The challenges for Glasgow City Region’s labour market call for greater efforts to enhance and future-proof the skills and employability systems in the region. This OECD report reviews and offers recommendations on three of the most pressing challenges facing the Glasgow City Region: i) reinforcing re- and upskilling opportunities for individuals in work and aligning skills supply with demand, ii) enhancing labour market inclusion of the economically inactive, and iii) strengthening school-to-work transitions of young people.

A comprehensive investment facilitation framework is necessary to create favourable conditions for foreign direct investment (FDI) to contribute to host economies’ inclusive and sustainable growth. This report analyses investment facilitation frameworks in five selected Southern Neighbourhood countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia), benchmarked against key standards enshrined in the Sustainable Investment Facilitation Agreement (SIFA) signed between the European Union (EU) and Angola in late 2023. This report informs the EU and interested partners of the region on the potential of future SIFA negotiations with the EU with a view to improve local investment climates and promote mutually beneficial investments.

  • 31 Jul 2024
  • OECD
  • Pages: 32

This document is the peer review report of the National Contact Point (NCP) of Iceland. The objectives of NCP peer reviews are to assess to what extent the NCP is functioning and operating in accordance with the core effectiveness criteria set out in the implementation procedures; to identify the NCP’s strengths and possibilities for improvement; to make recommendations for improvement; and to serve as a learning tool for all NCPs involved. The peer review of the NCP of Iceland was conducted by a team of reviewers from the NCPs of Finland and Poland, along with representatives of the OECD Secretariat.

  • 31 Jul 2024
  • OECD
  • Pages: 40

This document is the peer review report of the National Contact Point (NCP) of Romania. The objectives of NCP peer reviews are to assess to what extent the NCP is functioning and operating in accordance with the core effectiveness criteria set out in the implementation procedures; to identify the NCP’s strengths and possibilities for improvement; to make recommendations for improvement; and to serve as a learning tool for all NCPs involved. The peer review of the NCP of Romania was conducted by a team of reviewers from the NCPs of Kazakhstan, Portugal, and Spain, along with representatives of the OECD Secretariat.

Infrastructure damages caused by increasingly severe extreme weather and slow onset events demonstrate how climate change affects infrastructure. Enhancing the climate resilience of infrastructure will be critical for achieving sustainable development, especially for developing countries. This report was prepared to inform G20 policy makers about approaches that can be taken to advance financing for climate-resilient infrastructure and was welcomed at the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting in July 2024.

In July 2023, following a request from the Indian G20 Presidency, the OECD delivered a report making the case for enhanced tax transparency on real estate and setting out a number of conceptual solutions to improve the existing architecture on a voluntary basis. Since then, technical work has continued at OECD-level to refine the understanding of the information needs of tax administrations, the information they have available and the steps needed to deliver increased transparency in this area. Against this background, this report sets out the building blocks to bring increased transparency into practice. These building blocks can be adopted incrementally by interested jurisdictions, starting with maximising exchanges of readily available information between interested jurisdictions and progressively moving towards more structural solutions for international co-operation on real estate, underpinned by reliable data sources and efficient methods for receiving the information that is relevant for tax purposes. These structural solutions would also ensure access to beneficial owner information when real estate is held through legal entities or arrangements. This report was prepared by the OECD to inform the discussions at the July 2024 meeting of G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, at the request of the G20 Brazilian Presidency.

French

Ce rapport, commandé par la présidence brésilienne du G20 en amont de la réunion des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs des banques centrales du G20 de juillet 2024, contribue aux discussions sur le rôle des systèmes fiscaux dans la lutte contre les inégalités. Il explore comment les systèmes fiscaux peuvent atténuer ou exacerber les inégalités en se concentrant sur la répartition des revenus et des richesses et identifie des pistes possibles de réforme. Il met l'accent sur les défis fiscaux plus spécifiquement liés à la taxation des particuliers très fortunés, dont certains ont une dimension transfrontalière.

English

This report, commissioned by the Brazilian G20 Presidency ahead of the July 2024 G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting, contributes to discussions on the role of tax systems in addressing inequality. It explores how tax systems can mitigate or exacerbate inequality with a focus on the distribution of income and wealth and identifies scope for potential reform. It zooms in on the specific tax policy and compliance challenges associated with taxing high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs), some of which have a cross-border dimension.

French

Ce rapport présente quelques-unes des évolutions marquantes des réformes de la fiscalité internationale intervenues depuis février 2024, y compris en ce qui concerne la Solution reposant sur deux piliers pour résoudre les défis fiscaux soulevés par la numérisation de l’économie et la mise en œuvre des standards minimums du BEPS. Il couvre les avancées réalisées en matière de transparence fiscale et dans le domaine de la fiscalité et du développement, des administrations fiscales et des impôts sur la consommation, et s’intéresse à certains aspects liés à l’articulation entre fiscalité et inégalités et aux évolutions de la politique fiscale. Ce rapport a été préparé par l’OCDE avant la troisième réunion des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs de banque centrale du G20 qui se tiendra sous la Présidence brésilienne du G20 les 25 et 26 juillet 2024 à Rio de Janeiro (Brésil).

English

Ce rapport examine l’importance cruciale de la transparence sur les bénéficiaires effectifs pour lutter contre la fraude fiscale et les flux financiers illicites. En se référant aux mandats confiés par le G20 dans ce domaine, ce rapport analyse les progrès effectués dans la mise en œuvre des règles relatives aux bénéficiaires effectifs dans les normes en matière de transparence et d’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales. En adoptant une perspective mondiale, le rapport évalue l’état actuel de la mise en œuvre dans les différentes juridictions, analyse les résultats des examens par les pairs portant sur l’application effective de l’échange de renseignements sur demande, ainsi que les bonnes pratiques correspondantes pour renforcer la transparence sur les bénéficiaires effectifs dans le paysage de la fiscalité internationale. Le rapport met également en évidence les activités de renforcement des capacités pour aider les juridictions à mettre en place des cadres juridiques et pratiques solides sur les bénéficiaires effectifs et conclut avec de possibles futures orientations. Ce rapport a été préparé par l’OCDE et par le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales afin d’étayer les discussions qui se tiendront à la réunion de juillet 2024 des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs de banque centrale des pays du G20, à la demande de la Présidence brésilienne du G20.

English

En juillet 2023, à la suite d’une demande émanant de la Présidence indienne du G20, l’OCDE a présenté un rapport qui prônait un renforcement de la transparence fiscale sur les transactions immobilières et élaborait un certain nombre de solutions conceptuelles visant à améliorer l’architecture existante sur une base volontaire. Depuis lors, l’OCDE a mené des travaux techniques afin de mieux comprendre les besoins en information des administrations fiscales, les renseignements dont elles disposent déjà et les mesures à prendre pour accroître la transparence dans ce domaine. Dans ce contexte, ce rapport décrit les éléments essentiels à mettre en place pour améliorer la transparence en pratique. Les juridictions intéressées peuvent procéder par étape pour adopter ces éléments essentiels, en commençant par systématiser les échanges d’informations aisément disponibles, puis en se dirigeant progressivement vers des solutions plus structurelles propres à favoriser la coopération internationale dans le domaine de l’immobilier, en s’appuyant sur des sources de données fiables et des méthodes efficaces pour se procurer les renseignements pertinents à des fins fiscales. Ces solutions structurelles garantiraient également l’accès aux informations sur les bénéficiaires effectifs lorsque des biens immobiliers sont détenus par des entités ou des constructions juridiques. Ce rapport a été préparé par l’OCDE afin d’étayer les discussions qui se tiendront à la réunion de juillet 2024 des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs de banque centrale des pays du G20, à la demande de la Présidence brésilienne du G20.

English

This report provides an update on the work to implement the recently agreed OECD/G20 Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF), which extends the automatic exchange of information for tax purposes to the crypto-asset sector. The G20 asked the Global Forum on Transparency and the Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes (Global Forum) to “build on its commitment and monitoring processes to ensure the widespread implementation of the [CARF]”. The Global Forum has accordingly prepared this report to update the G20 on the progress of its work. This includes an update on the work of the Global Forum’s recently established dedicated CARF Group to develop the Global Forum’s commitment process in time for its delivery this year, to ensure that all relevant jurisdictions implement the CARF according to agreed timelines to deliver an effective CARF based on a level playing field. In this regard it is noted that 58 Global Forum members have already announced their intention to commence exchanges under the CARF in 2027. This report was prepared by the Global Forum to inform the discussions at the July 2024 meeting of G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, at the request of the G20 Brazilian Presidency.

French

The report describes some of the key developments in international tax reform since February 2024, including on the Two-Pillar Solution to Address the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy and on the implementation of the BEPS minimum standards. It also covers progress made in tax transparency and on tax and development, tax administration and consumption taxes, as well as dedicated segments on tax and inequality and tax policy developments. This report was prepared by the OECD ahead of the third meeting of G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors held under the Brazilian G20 Presidency from 25-26 July 2024, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

French

This report examines the critical role of beneficial ownership transparency in combating tax evasion and illicit financial flows. With reference to the G20 mandates in this area, the report delves into the progress made in implementing the beneficial ownership requirements set out in the standards on transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. Offering a global perspective, the report assesses the current state of implementation across jurisdictions, analyses the peer review results on effective implementation for Exchange of Information on Request, together with best practices for strengthening beneficial ownership transparency in the global tax landscape. The report also highlights capacity building activities to assist jurisdictions in building robust beneficial ownership frameworks and concludes with possible future directions. This report was prepared by the OECD and Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes to inform the discussions at the July 2024 meeting of G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, at the request of the G20 Brazilian Presidency.

French

Ce rapport fait le point sur les travaux visant à mettre en application le Cadre de déclaration des crypto-actifs (CARF) récemment adopté par l’OCDE et le G20, qui étend l’échange automatique de renseignements à des fins fiscales au secteur des crypto-actifs. Le G20 a invité le Forum mondial sur la transparence et l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales (le Forum mondial) à « s’appuyer sur ses procédures d’engagement et de suivi afin d’assurer une large mise en œuvre du [CARF] ». Aussi, le Forum mondial a préparé ce rapport dans le but de tenir le G20 informé des progrès de ses travaux. Il dresse un état des lieux des travaux du Groupe chargé du CARF récemment mis en place par le Forum mondial afin d’élaborer le processus d’engagement du Forum mondial à temps pour son lancement cette année, pour faire en sorte que toutes les juridictions concernées mettent en œuvre le CARF dans les délais impartis et dans le respect de règles du jeu équitables. À cet égard, il convient d’observer que 58 juridictions membres du Forum mondial ont déjà fait part de leur intention de débuter les échanges prévus par le CARF en 2027. Ce rapport a été préparé par le Forum mondial afin d’étayer les discussions qui se tiendront à la réunion de juillet 2024 des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs de banque centrale des pays du G20, à la demande de la Présidence brésilienne du G20.

English

This toolkit offers practical advice to development co-operation and humanitarian assistance providers adhering to the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Assistance. It helps them implement the Recommendation’s provisions to strengthen local ownership and leadership, and support civil society in partner countries as independent development and humanitarian actors – particularly through more equitable partnerships between and within civil society organisations (CSOs). It is a companion piece to the 2023 OECD toolkit of the same series, Funding civil society in partner countries: Toolkit for Implementing the DAC Recommendation on Enabling Civil Society in Development Co-operation and Humanitarian Assistance.

  • 03 Jul 2024
  • Sarah Barahona, Jorrit Zwijnenburg, Carrie Exton, Nicolas Ruiz, Julie Johnsen, Katherine Scrivens
  • Pages: 92

Les politiques efficaces en matière de protection sociale sont celles qui tiennent compte des liens d’interdépendance entre les retombées économiques, sociales et environnementales. Ce document, destiné à éclairer les discussions de la filière Finance au cours de la Présidence japonaise du G7 en 2023, décrit une série d’initiatives menées à l’échelle nationale et internationale pour améliorer la mesure du bien-être multidimensionnel « au-delà du PIB ». En particulier, le Système de comptabilité nationale (SCN) de 2025 rendra plus visibles l’économie numérique et les services numériques gratuits, ainsi que les activités non rémunérées des ménages et l’épuisement du capital naturel. Par ailleurs, plus de deux tiers des pays de l’OCDE ont mis au point, à l’échelle nationale, des cadres, des plans de développement ou des enquêtes axés sur le bien-être multidimensionnel, couvrant un large éventail de résultats et d’inégalités au niveau économique, social et environnemental qui ont une incidence sur le bien-être des populations et sa pérennité. Certaines économies du G7 et de l’OCDE ont commencé à utiliser ces éléments pour éclairer l’élaboration du budget, renforcer les outils d’évaluation de l’action publique (y compris l’analyse coûts-avantages) et étayer les cadres de gestion des performances de l’administration et les stratégies de croissance inclusive.

English

This Toolkit synthesises learning and examples gathered from Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members and partners, including their work through international fora such as the OECD, as well as additional research. It aims to support DAC members and partners in deepening their work and accelerate progress on any number of topics contained within the DAC Recommendation’s six pillars. Progress in Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Harassment (SEAH) prevention and response can be very incremental and difficult to measure, in part because it relies on addressing the many underlying factors that support the perpetuation of SEAH, such as cultural and social norms, as well as power dynamics. This Toolkit aims to support progress by DAC members on both technical and political levels, as well as support their coordination efforts with their partners to work towards long-term, sustainable change.

  • 28 Jun 2024
  • OECD
  • Pages: 20

This Policy Guidance aims to support the effective and practical delivery of official development assistance (ODA) for inclusive governance, focusing on the central elements of a development project or programme – analytics and diagnostics, programme design and implementation, monitoring, evaluation and learning. Issued by the Governance Network of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), this Guidance for governance practitioners recommends a series of policy and practical measures designed to reduce social, political and economic exclusion, and enable more inclusive development impacts. Building on a dedicated multi-year programme of work, expert insights and the contributions of a designated Advisory Group, it underscores the significance of inclusive governance as a central attribute of SDG16 and the basis for equitable and sustainable development.

This Phase 4 Two-Year Written Follow-up report on Greece by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates the implementation of the recommendations in the Phase 4 Evaluation report on Greece’s implementation of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the 2021 Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. It was adopted by the OECD Working Group on Bribery on 12 June 2024.

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