Browse by: "2015"

Social impact investment can provide new ways to more efficiently and effectively allocate public and private capital to address social and economic challenges at the global, national and local levels. While these innovative market-based approaches will not replace the core role of the public sector or the need for philanthropy, they can provide a potentially powerful means for leveraging existing capital.

This report provides a framework for assessing the social impact investment market and focuses on the need to build the evidence base, in particular for impact assessment compared to existing social service delivery models. The report highlights the importance of further international collaboration in developing global standards on definitions, data collection, impact measurement and evaluation of policies as well as experience sharing between players in the market. International organisations can play an important role in facilitating these collaborations as well as conducting further analysis and data collection.

Government at a Glance provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector performance. Indicators on government revenues, expenditures, and employment are provided alongside key output and outcome data in the sectors of education, health and justice. Government at a Glance also includes indicators on key governance and public management issues, such as transparency in governance, regulatory governance, public procurement and the implementation of employment and remuneration reforms since 2009. While measuring government performance has long been recognized as playing an important role in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the public administration, following the economic crisis and fiscal tightening in many member countries, good indicators are needed more than ever to help governments make informed decisions regarding tough choices and help restore confidence in government institutions.

Income inequality is rising. A quarter of a century ago, the average disposable income of the richest 10% in OECD countries was around seven times higher than that of the poorest 10%; today, it’s around 9½ times higher. Why does this matter? Many fear this widening gap is hurting individuals, societies and even economies. This book explores income inequality across five main headings. It starts by explaining some key terms in the inequality debate. It then examines recent trends and explains why income inequality varies between countries. Next it looks at why income gaps are growing and, in particular, at the rise of the 1%. It then looks at the consequences, including research that suggests widening inequality could hurt economic growth. Finally, it examines policies for addressing inequality and making economies more inclusive.

This report is a compendium of best practices for green public procurement at national and sub-national levels. Topics covered include the legal framework, market capacity, environemental standards, professionalisation, awareness-raising and monitoring.

Job displacement (involuntary job loss due to firm closure or downsizing) affects many workers over their lifetime. Displaced workers may face long periods of unemployment and, even when they find new jobs, tend to be paid less and have fewer benefits than in their prior jobs. Helping them get back into good jobs quickly should be a key goal of labour market policy. This report is the fourth in a series of reports looking at how this challenge is being tackled in a number of OECD countries. It shows that Sweden has been relatively successful in minimising the adverse effects of displaced workers, manily due to the longstanding tradition of collaboration between the social partners to share responsibility for restructuring by creating special arrangements and practices that provide help to workers much faster that in other OECD countries. Despite this positive institutional framework, there is room to improve policies targeted to displaced workers as remarkable inequalities still exist in both the Swedish labour market and in the way workers are treated.
 

Ce rapport contient des normes révisées en matière de documentation des prix de transfert comprenant un fichier principal, un fichier local et un formulaire de déclaration pays par pays du chiffre d'affaires, des bénéfices, des impôts acquittés et de certaines mesures de l'activité économique. Cette approche standardisée et révisée imposera aux contribuables d'exposer de manière cohérente leurs positions en matière de prix de transfert et procurera aux autorités fiscales des informations utiles pour évaluer les risques liés aux prix de transfert et aux pratiques de BEPS, déterminer quelle sera l'affectation la plus efficace des ressources disponibles aux fins de contrôle fiscal et, si un contrôle s'impose, donnera des indications pour démarrer et cibler les vérifications. Les déclarations pays par pays seront diffusées au moyen d’un mécanisme d’échange automatique entre États. Le kit de mise en œuvre décrit dans ce rapport formule des instructions qui visent à faire en sorte que les déclarations soient diffusées en temps voulu, que la confidentialité soit préservée et que les renseignements soient utilisés à bon escient, en intégrant un modèle de législation et des modèles d’Accords entre autorités compétentes, qui constituent la base des échanges de déclarations entre États.

Although it has received less attention than the plunge in oil prices since mid-2014, the drop in coal prices has had a profound impact on global energy markets. Underpinning the weakness in coal prices is the decline in coal consumption in China for the first time this century, while pledges to reduce CO2 emissions made by dozens of countries ahead of the UN climate negotiations in Paris in December 2015 are also providing negative sentiment for coal producers. Partly offsetting the gloom is demand from a few populous emerging economies in Asia – particularly India – and the high odds that coal will remain China’s top energy source for several years to come.
Market players are now wondering if coal prices have hit the bottom, how long producers can survive at these levels and when oversupply will be balanced. Whereas the low prices make coal producers struggle, they prove very attractive for power generators despite increasingly strong environmental policies, growing competitiveness of renewables and declining gas prices.
This year’s edition of the IEA’s Medium-Term Coal Market Report presents, for the first time, a Chinese “Peak Coal” case, which explores the factors that could cause coal use in China to enter a structural decline. It also studies the potential impact of such a peak on supply, prices and trade flows. As in past editions, the report analyses recent trends in coal supply, demand and trade; provides forecasts for the next five years, and gives insights on questions that concern industry and policymakers.
 

Ageing has a wide range of impacts on individuals and society as a whole. But the consequences for health care, working life, income and well-being in general are not always what many people imagine. OECD Insights: Ageing: Debate the Issues discusses the problems, challenges, and opportunities that ageing brings to citizens and governments in developed and developing countries. Experts on demography, medical research, pensions, employment and other domains from inside and outside the OECD present their latest analyses and views on one of the most important trends shaping our societies.

Global Insurance Market Trends provides comparable, cross-country data on insurance markets. It is a comprehensive source of statistical information for government authorities (regulators, finance ministries, and central banks), the insurance sector, the research community, and consumers. The report is based on the inputs from national insurance authorities and supports monitoring and analysis of the insurance sector. 

This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is a complement document to the Coating Industry (Paints, Lacquers and Varnishes, ESD No. 22 and provides information on the sources, use pattern and release pathways of chemicals used as solvents for industrial coatings, so as to help estimating the amount of chemicals released into the environment.

En raison de la mobilité et de la fongibilité de l’argent, les groupes multinationaux peuvent aisément obtenir des résultats fiscaux favorables en jouant sur le montant de la dette au sein d’une entité du groupe. L’approche recommandée fait en sorte que les déductions nettes d’une entité au titre d’intérêts sont directement liées à son activité économique, sur la base d’un certain pourcentage de son résultat avant charges d’intérêts, impôts, amortissement et provisions (EBITDA). Cette approche associe trois éléments : une règle fondée sur un ratio déterminé qui repose sur un ratio de référence intérêts nets/EBITDA ; une règle fondée sur un ratio de groupe qui autorise une entité à déduire plus de charges d’intérêts dans certaines circonstances, en fonction de la position de son groupe mondial ; et des règles ciblées qui traitent des risques spécifiques. Un pays peut décider de ne pas adopter la règle fondée sur un ratio de groupe, mais doit alors appliquer la règle fondée sur un ratio déterminé aux entités appartenant à des groupes multinationaux et nationaux, sans faire de discrimination indue.

Dans le contexte d’une reprise économique inégale, de l’accroissement des inégalités sociales et de la persistance des défis environnementaux et sociaux, les attentes à l’égard de la science, de la technologie et de l’innovation se sont accrues à travers le monde. Dans ce nouveau contexte, les gouvernements placent l’innovation au cœur de leur programme de croissance durable.
Science, technologie et industrie : Perspectives de l’OCDE 2014 examine les principales tendances dans les politiques et performances de la STI à travers plus de 45 économies, y compris les pays de l’OCDE et de grandes économies émergentes. Après un aperçu du paysage et des perspectives mondiales des politiques de la STI, une série de profils thématiques aborde les questions actuelles clés en la matière. Les profils pays présentent les performances de chaque pays et les évolutions les plus récentes dans leurs politiques nationales de STI. Cet ouvrage s’appuie sur une enquête unique, conduite par l’OCDE tous les deux ans auprès de plus de 45 pays, et sur les derniers travaux de l’OCDE en matière d’analyse et de mesure des politiques de STI.

This review analyses public governance in the Slovak Republic and provides recommendations to support ongoing comprehensive public administration reform. The analysis is structured around five key areas: the centre of government’s capacity to steer and lead policy development and implementation; analytical and evaluation capacities; human resources management and civil service; e-government; transparency and integrity in the public administration. The review identifies two main themes running through these five areas: The first is the need for more effective whole-of-government co-ordination of strategy-setting and implementation, led by the centre of government. The second is the need to generate and use evidence more effectively when making decisions.

Les eaux souterraines ont généré de larges bénéfices pour l’agriculture irriguée dans les zones semi-arides des pays de l’OCDE, mais l’utilisation intensive de ces eaux au-delà de leur taux de recharge dans certaines régions a conduit à l’abaissement du niveau des nappes phréatiques et engendré des externalités environnementales négatives. Ce rapport présente une caractérisation de la diversité des systèmes hydrogéologiques,  analyse les politiques des pays de l’OCDE et propose une panoplie de recommandations permettant aux eaux souterraines de contribuer de manière durable à la production agricole et de contribuer à son adaptation au changement climatique.

El nuevo Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México posicionará al país como un hub regional y mejorará su competitividad. Se planea que esté en operación en el 2020 en respuesta a la inminente necesidad de aumentar la capacidad aeroportuaria de la ciudad. El aeropuerto, cuya construcción es gestionada por una empresa con participación estatal mayoritaria (Grupo Aeroportuario de la Ciudad de México, GACM), es actualmente el proyecto de infraestructura más grande en México.

This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Chinese Cabbage. This brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in Chinese Cabbage.