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In Latin America and the Caribbean, as across the globe, globalisation and rapid technological change, together with demographic developments are reshaping skill demands and supply in all countries. These trends are expected to continue in the coming years at an increasing pace. Technological progress, in particular, is profoundly transforming the world of work and, in turn, the skills demanded by employers. This poses challenges but it also creates opportunities for Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries in the near future. Effective Adult Learning Policies: Challenges and Solutions for Latin American Countries discusses how individuals and firms in Latin American countries can harness the benefits of those changes. The report explores the challenges for LAC adult learning systems in supplying labour market relevant skills, what are the barriers to an inclusive participation in adult learning and what solutions governments, firms and individuals should collectively put in place to ensure that adult learning is truly effective.
This is the first ever Electricity Market Report produced by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Designed to complement other reports in the Market Report Series on energy efficiency, renewables, coal, natural gas and oil, this report focuses on developments in the world’s electricity markets amid the Covid-19 pandemic. It includes an assessment of 2020 trends and 2021 forecasts for electricity demand, supply, capacity and emissions – both globally and by country. Starting in 2021, the IEA will publish a new edition of the report on a half-yearly basis with the latest updates on key developments in global electricity markets.
This report comes at a time when policy makers are challenged by the COVID-19 crisis that is generating a profound reflection on economic and social well-being. Before COVID-19 hit, Indonesia had experienced remarkable economic growth, making substantial progress in poverty reduction and gains in employment. However, there are large differences in outcomes across Indonesian provinces, which often reflect the quality of local infrastructure, services, education, and jobs. This joint Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) study sheds light on challenges and opportunities to promote employment and skills outcomes at the local level in Indonesia. The analysis presented in this OECD/ADB report shows the importance of strengthening local institutions managing and delivering employment and skills policies.
Digital technologies offer unique opportunities to strengthen health systems. However, the digital infrastructure, interoperability standards, and data sharing only provide the tools, which on their own cannot transform the health systems, but need to be put to productive use by the health workers.
This report examines the potential role of governments (ministries of finance and insurance regulators and supervisors) in: (i) encouraging greater clarity and consistency in the products that are being offered (taking into account the more limited need for government intervention in a corporate insurance market); and (ii) how legislation, regulation, guidance and other public policy measures (henceforth referred to as “public policy and regulation”) impact the variation in scope and form of insurance coverage for cyber risk.
Energy Efficiency 2020 is the latest edition of the IEA’s annual update on global developments in energy efficiency. Through analysis of energy data, policies and technology trends, it provides a comprehensive view of energy efficiency trends worldwide.
Energy efficiency plays an essential role in accelerating clean energy transitions and achieving global climate and sustainability goals. This year’s report focuses on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on energy efficiency and global energy markets this year, as well as analysis of 2019 trends. By analysing the inclusion and impacts of energy efficiency in stimulus packages, the report also highlights the role of efficiency in supporting sustainable recovery efforts around the world by creating jobs and stimulating spending while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Energy Prices and Taxes for OECD Countries contains a major international compilation of energy prices of OECD countries: including crude oil and oil product spot prices, import costs by crude stream, industry prices and consumer prices.
The end-user prices cover the main petroleum products, gas, coal and electricity.
Every issue includes full notes on sources and methods and a description of price mechanisms in each country. Time series availability varies with each data series.
Energy Technology Perspectives 2020 is a major new IEA publication focused on the technology needs and opportunities for reaching international climate and sustainable energy goals. This flagship report offers vital analysis and advice on the clean energy technologies the world needs to meet net-zero emissions objectives.
The report’s comprehensive analysis maps out the technologies needed to tackle emissions in all parts of the energy sector, including areas where technology progress is still lacking such as long-distance transport and heavy industries. It shows the amount of emissions reductions that are required from electrification, hydrogen, bioenergy and carbon capture, utilisation and storage. It also provides an assessment of emissions from existing infrastructure and what can be done to address them.
A net-zero energy system requires a profound transformation in the way we produce and use energy that can only be achieved with a broad suite of technologies. Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is the only group of technologies that contributes both to reducing emissions in key sectors directly and to removing CO2 to balance emissions that are challenging to avoid – a critical part of “net” zero goals. After years of slow progress, new investment incentives and strengthened climate goals are building new momentum behind CCUS.
The report examines in detail the role for CCUS technologies in clean energy transitions. It identifies four key contributions: tackling emissions from existing energy infrastructure; a solution for sectors with hard-to-abate emissions; a platform for low-carbon hydrogen production; and removing carbon from the atmosphere. The report considers innovation needs across CCUS technologies and applications. It includes new geospatial analysis of power and industrial emissions in key regions and their proximity to potential geological storage.
The unprecedented health emergency and economic crisis triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic risks to be a setback for clean energy innovation efforts at a time in which faster progress is needed. The report quantifies the needs for technology innovation and investment for a cleaner and more resilient energy sector at net-zero emissions. It identifies key technology attributes that can help accelerate innovation cycles.
The report also offers five key innovation principles for delivering net-zero emissions. It highlights issues requiring immediate attention, such as the importance of governments maintaining research and development funding at planned levels through 2025 and considering raising it in strategic areas.
The report comes with a new ETP Clean Energy Technology Guide that encompasses around 400 component technologies and identifies their stage of readiness for the market.
New and digital technologies have been unlocking opportunities to collect, manage and analyse large amounts of data in a relatively cost-effective way. Still, given current challenges, it is prudent that their use for energy statistics is complementary to traditional methods, until issues like data governance, confidentiality or data representativeness are more widely addressed.
This paper aims at exploring the role of new and digital technologies for energy end-use data collection. It reviews applications, strengths, and weaknesses of the major existing technologies, classifying them into three broader categories depending on their purpose: data collection, data management and data analysis.
The analysis is a starting point for energy statisticians and energy efficiency experts across countries in order to guide the design, and/or advise on the implementation of new technologies for data collection based on the case studies reviewed and on the analysis performed.
The research stems from the G20 end-use data and energy efficiency metrics initiative, co-led by the International Energy Agency and the French government through its energy efficiency agency (ADEME), building on established work in developing energy efficiency indicators to monitor energy efficiency progress globally
Improving building energy efficiency is central to the strategic development of the Republic of Armenia (Armenia). As Armenia’s largest energy-consuming sector, buildings account for nearly 40% of the country’s total electricity demand and more than 25% of its gas demand. Estimated energy-saving potential ranges from 40% to 60% across residential, public and commercial buildings, depending on interventions. This level of savings could translate into significantly lower household energy bills, greater energy security, improved thermal comfort in homes, offices and schools, and many other benefits.
Armenia has made some progress towards developing a basic building-efficiency policy framework, and further efforts are underway, including as part of the Comprehensive Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the European Union. Nevertheless, Armenia must finish establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework for building efficiency that allows laws to be fully implemented and enforced. As with many other countries, Armenia has a mixture of market barriers and other issues to address before it can make its buildings sector more efficient. Recognising the importance of raising building energy efficiency, several international organisations and lenders are working in Armenia alongside government officials, experts and other stakeholders to address persistent challenges and unlock the sector’s potential. This roadmap is intended to support wider discussion among policy makers and experts working every day to advance building sector efficiency in Armenia.
Jordan is undertaking ambitious decentralization reforms to place citizens at the heart of local policies and services. This review analyses the main gaps in the current needs assessment process, which aims to mainstream a participatory approach for the design of local development plans and budgetary allocations through a yearly collection and assessment of citizens’ needs. It provides actionable recommendations to strengthen the governance of this process, foster two-way communication and promote stakeholder participation at all stages of the policymaking cycle. The report accompanies the document “Supporting Open Government at the Local Level in Jordan” that aims to equip subnational public officials with the relevant knowledge and skills to mainstream transparency, integrity, accountability, and stakeholder participation into the functioning and machinery of local administrations.
In increasingly knowledge-based societies and economies, data are a key resource. Enhanced access to publicly funded data enables research and innovation, and has far-reaching effects on resource efficiency, productivity and competitiveness, creating benefits for society at large. Yet these benefits must also be balanced against associated risks to privacy, intellectual property, national security and the public interest.
This report presents current policy practice to promote access to publicly funded data for science, technology and innovation, as well as policy challenges for the future. It examines national policies and international initiatives, and identifies seven issues that require policy attention.
Core Cities is an association of eleven cities in the UK: Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham, and Sheffield. Altogether, Core Cities and their surrounding regions account for around one quarter of the UK population and economy. Given their size and assets, Core Cities have the potential to boost national growth. However, unlike second-tier cities in most other large OECD countries, Core Cities have low levels of productivity by national and international standards. With the right policies and sufficient investment in public transport, housing, skills and other key policy areas, Core Cities could become centres of economic activity that pull their regions and the entire UK to higher productivity levels. This report unpacks the causes of low productivity in UK Core Cities and offers policy recommendations for the local and national level to achieve higher productivity and more inclusive growth.
This report assesses whether training workers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea is adequate, relevant, and aligned to skills needs. It analyses policy options to expand access to training for SMEs, remove the barriers to training participation/provision, and ensure that training provided by SMEs supports their growth and encourages innovation, particularly in the context of the 4th industrial revolution. Based on this analysis, this report provides actionable policy recommendations as well as good practice examples from OECD countries.
Environment at a Glance 2020 presents a digest of major environmental trends in areas such as climate change, biodiversity, water resources, air quality and circular economy. Analysis is based on indicators from the OECD Core Set of Environmental Indicators – a tool to evaluate environmental performance and to track the course towards sustainable development. The report uses the latest comparable data received from OECD members and compiled from other international sources.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experience. This report on the European Union (EU) discusses the energy challenges facing the continent and recommends possible solutions to help it achieve a secure and sustainable energy future.
The European Commission under President Ursula von der Leyen took office in late 2019 with an ambitious programme for the five years to come. The centrepiece initiative is the European Green Deal, which aims to prepare the EU for climate neutrality by 2050. The EU’s impressive track record of decarbonising power systems through renewable energy technologies, notably offshore wind but also solar PV, offers an inspiring example for many economies around the world. It also provides a sound basis for the broader decarbonisation of Europe’s economy in the longer term. To achieve climate neutrality, EU policy efforts need to focus on transport, industry and buildings, alongside policies that support energy system integration.
This policy review commends the progress made by the EU, such as the creation of an internal energy market and enhancement of energy security and climate policies. The IEA provides a range of recommendations for the successful implementation of the European Green Deal in the coming years. The report also outlines opportunities for boosting shortand long-term actions for a resilient, sustainable and just recovery of the European economy.
Given the increasingly digital environment for financial products and services, now further accelerated by responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential for digitalisation to support greater financial inclusion and inclusive growth, effective financial consumer protection is more important than ever. It is equally important that the policies and approaches developed and adopted by financial consumer protection authorities evolve and adapt in line with the changing environment.
This report sets out key findings, conclusions and policy considerations relating to financial consumer protection approaches in response to the issues associated with ageing populations. It sets out detailed analysis of inputs provided by members of the G20/OECD Task Force on Financial Consumer Protection and the International Financial Consumer Protection Organisation (FinCoNet). This report is a complementary piece to the G20 Fukuoka Policy Priorities on Ageing and Financial Inclusion, produced by the GPFI and the OECD for the Japanese G20 Presidency 2019 and published in June 2019.