Browse by: "2022"

L’économie mondiale est confrontée à des difficultés grandissantes dans le contexte actuel, marqué par le plus grand choc sur le marché de l'énergie depuis les années 1970 et par la crise du coût de la vie pour de nombreux ménages affectés par une inflation galopante. Les Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, volume 2022, numéro 2, mettent en évidence le déséquilibre et l’incertitude inhabituels des perspectives, les importants risques à la baisse liés à l'évolution des marchés de l'énergie et à l'augmentation des vulnérabilités financières avec le relèvement des taux d'intérêt, ainsi que les défis politiques associés. Des actions politiques bien ciblées et prises en temps opportun sont indispensables pour maintenir la stabilité économique, améliorer la sécurité énergétique et renforcer les perspectives de croissance future. Cette édition comporte une évaluation générale de la situation macroéconomique, et un chapitre résumant les évolutions et fournissant des projections par pays. Tous les pays membres de l’OCDE sont examinés, ainsi que certaines économies partenaires.

This occupational biomonitoring guidance document was elaborated in a joint activity including more than 40 institutes and organisations in collaboration with the OECD.The guidance document presents current approaches used to derive biomonitoring values and provides globally harmonized recommendations on how-to derive and apply occupational biomonitoring assessment values. The derived healthbased human biomarker assessment values are referred to as Occupational Biomonitoring Levels (OBLs). OBLs are suitable for the use in exposure assessment and screening a level of health-risk and finally, workplace risk management. Moreover, we strengthen the option of deriving Provisional Occupational Biomonitoring Levels (POBLs) for chemical substances with limited human toxicity data availability, which can be used for identifying and managing possible occupational health-risks.

Policies to promote employee health and well-being not only protect from occupational risks, but also provide benefits for individuals and employers. Unhealthy lifestyles, characterised by high levels of stress, sedentary behaviour and poor eating habits, affect the health of employees and negatively impact workplace productivity. Governments play a key role in promoting health and well-being in the workplace. This report analyses policy levers used by governments to incentivise employers to promote health and well-being at work in ten countries, including G7 countries and OECD countries in the Asia/Pacific region. These include regulation, financial incentives, guidelines, and certification and award schemes. The report also explores how governments can facilitate Environmental, Social and Governance investment to encourage health promotion at work.

The effects of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine (with its dramatic impact on energy and food prices), the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, and extreme weather events in some parts of the world in 2022 are expected to reverberate into 2023. International implications for education and training include economic uncertainty and tight labour markets, ongoing digital transformation, and continued growth and influence of mass information. These trends challenge education policymakers to transform existing pathways in their countries and economies, so people can become effective lifelong learners to navigate change. Building on the OECD’s Framework of Responsiveness and Resilience in Education Policy, as well as analysis of international policies and practices from over 40 education systems implemented mainly since 2020, this report identifies three areas of policy effort that education policymakers can undertake in 2023: 1) enhancing the relevance of learning pathways; 2) easing transitions throughout learners’ pathways; and 3) nurturing learners’ aspirations. Lessons emerging from recent policy efforts are synthesised into key policy pointers for 2023. The report has been prepared with evidence from the Education Policy Outlook series—the OECD’s analytical observatory of education policy.

As countries seek to learn from the COVID-19 crisis and increase their resilience for the future, evaluations are important tools to understand what worked or not, why and for whom. This report is the first of its kind. It evaluates Luxembourg’s responses to the COVID-19 crisis in terms of risk preparedness, crisis management, as well as public health, education, economic and fiscal, and social and labour market policies. While Luxembourg’s response to the pandemic has been particularly agile, preserving the country’s resilience will require maintaining high levels of trust in government, reducing inequalities, and laying the foundations for inclusive growth. The findings and recommendations of this report will provide guidance to public authorities in these efforts.

Corporate Tax Statistics is an OECD flagship publication on corporate income Tax, and includes information on corporate taxation, MNE activity, and base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) practices. This publication includes data on corporate tax rates, revenues, effective tax rates, and tax incentives for R&D and innovation amongst other data series. Corporate Tax Statistics also includes anonymised and aggregated country-by-country reporting data providing an overview on the global tax and economic activities of thousands of multinational enterprise groups operating worldwide. Corporate Tax Statistics was a key output of Action 11 of the OECD/G20 BEPS Project, which sought to improve the measurement and monitoring of tax avoidance. This fourth edition of the database contains an expansion of the anonymised and aggregated statistics Country by Country Reporting Data as well as, for the first time, information on standard withholding tax rates for OECD and IF member jurisdictions.

Данный документ является неотъемлемой частью Рабочей программы Антикоррупционной сети ОЭСР для стран Восточной Европы и Центральной Азии (ACN) на 2023-2026 годы. Документ был одобрен на 27-м заседании Руководящей группы ACN 17 ноября 2022 года.

Секретариат ACN подготовил данное Руководство в качестве справочного документа для групп мониторинга, национальных координаторов и других заинтересованных сторон, участвующих в 5-м раунде мониторинга в рамках Стамбульского плана действий по борьбе с коррупцией (IAP). Оно дополняет Рамки оценки (методологию мониторинга и показатели эффективности), чтобы облегчить интерпретацию и применение контрольных показателей. Руководство не устанавливает каких-либо обязательных требований к проведению обзоров в рамках пятого раунда мониторинга ПДН, помимо контрольных показателей

This document is an integral part of the OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ACN) Work Programme 2023-2026. The document was approved at the 27th ACN Steering Group meeting on 17 November 2022.

The ACN Secretariat prepared this Guide as a reference document for monitoring teams, National Coordinators and other stakeholders involved in the 5th Round of Monitoring under the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan (IAP). It supplements the Assessment Framework (monitoring methodology and performance indicators) to facilitate the interpretation and application of the benchmarks. The Guide does not set any mandatory requirements for the IAP 5th Round of Monitoring reviews beyond the benchmarks

This guidance provides recommendations for the design and execution of laboratory studies to evaluate the performance of biocidal products in any formulation such as a liquid, aerosol, fog, or impregnated fabric intended to repel, attract, and/or kill bed bugs (Cimex lectularius). It does not apply to repellent products applied to human skin. The guidance is based upon the American Laboratory Product Performance Testing Methods for Bed Bug Pesticide Products (US EPA 2017, OCSPP 810.3900) and incorporates information from laboratory efficacy testing standards for biocidal products against bed bugs in the framework of the German Infectious Diseases Protection Act (18, 46). Investigators should ensure research is conducted in compliance with any applicable laws or regulations, which are independent of and additional to those cited in this guidance

This guidance provides recommendations for the design and execution of simulated-use studies to evaluate the efficacy of baits (claim “nest kill”) against tropical ants. Furthermore, this guidance deals with laboratory and simulated-use testing of tropical ant repellents (e.g. claim “reduction or prevention of invading ants in houses or sensitive areas”). The recommendations in this document refer to products for control in indoor environments.

Les démocraties sont actuellement à un tournant, soumises à des pressions croissantes internes et externes. Cette publication met en lumière les grands défis de gouvernance publique auxquels les pays sont confrontés aujourd’hui pour préserver et renforcer leurs démocraties, notamment : lutter contre la mésinformation et la désinformation, améliorer l’ouverture des administrations, la participation des citoyens et l’inclusion, assumer des responsabilités mondiales et renforcer la résilience face à l’influence étrangère. Il examine également deux thèmes transversaux qui seront essentiels pour des démocraties solides et efficaces : transformer la gouvernance publique au service de la démocratie numérique et préparer les gouvernements à l’action face à l’enjeu climatique et aux autres défis environnementaux. Ces domaines constituent les fondements de la nouvelle initiative de l’OCDE « Renforcer la démocratie », qui a également donné lieu à l’élaboration de plans d’action visant à aider les gouvernements à relever ces défis.

Democracies are at a critical juncture, under growing internal and external pressures. This publication sheds light on the important public governance challenges countries face today in preserving and strengthening their democracies, including fighting mis- and disinformation; improving government openness, citizen participation and inclusiveness; and embracing global responsibilities and building resilience to foreign influence. It also looks at two cross-cutting themes that will be crucial for robust, effective democracies: transforming public governance for digital democracy and gearing up government to deliver on climate and other environmental challenges. These areas lay out the foundations of the new OECD Reinforcing Democracy Initiative, which has also involved the development of action plans to support governments in responding to these challenges.

This policy paper sheds light on the type of investments that can maximise social returns and help bridge territorial gaps in access to services. It starts by explaining why it is challenging to balance proximity and cost-efficiency in service provision while maintaining quality across territories, highlighting the key role of subnational governments in providing education and health services. It then assesses the extent of territorial inequalities in access to basic education and health care services in G20 countries based on a comprehensive review of the evidence available. Finally, the report reflects on future needs based on demographic projections and offers two main implications for the future of infrastructure investment: 1) the need to tailor strategic and flexible investments to different demographic realities; and 2) the need to support quality infrastructure investment by subnational governments.