Browse by: "2023"

This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Cyprus as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).

Mit den Länderprofilen Krebs werden in Bezug auf die 27 EU-Mitgliedstaaten sowie Island und Norwegen Stärken, Herausforderungen und spezifische Maßnahmenbereiche aufgezeigt, die als Richtschnur für Investitionen und Interventionen auf EU-, nationaler und regionaler Ebene im Rahmen von Europas Plan gegen den Krebs dienen können. Jedes Länder-Krebs-Profil bietet eine kurze Synthese von: der nationalen Krebsbelastung, den Risikofaktoren für Krebs (wobei der Schwerpunkt auf verhaltensbedingten und umweltbedingten Risikofaktoren liegt) ; den Früherkennungsprogrammen ; den Leistungen der Krebsversorgung (wobei der Schwerpunkt auf Zugänglichkeit, Versorgungsqualität, Kosten und den Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf die Krebsversorgung lieg).

This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Ireland as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).

Syöpäprofiileissa kuvataan EU:n 27 jäsenvaltion sekä Islannin ja Norjan vahvuudet, haasteet ja erityiset toiminta-alat, jotka ohjaavat niiden investointeja ja toimia EU:n, kansallisella ja alueellisella tasolla EU:n syöväntorjuntasuunnitelman puitteissa. Kussakin maakohtaisessa syöpäprofiilissa esitetään lyhyt yhteenveto seuraavista: kansallinen syöpätaakka; syövän riskitekijät (joissa keskitytään käyttäytymiseen ja ympäristöön liittyviin riskitekijöihin); (varhaista havaitsemista koskevat ohjelmat; syövän hoidon suorituskyky (jossa keskitytään saatavuuteen, hoidon laatuun, kustannuksiin ja COVID-19:n vaikutukseen syövän hoitoon).

Kræftlandeprofilerne identificerer styrker, udfordringer og specifikke indsatsområder for hver af de 27 EU-medlemsstater, Island og Norge, som skal være retningsgivende for investeringer og indgreb på EU-plan samt på nationalt og regionalt plan inden for rammerne af den europæiske kræfthandlingsplan. Hver landekræftprofil indeholder en kort sammenfatning af: den nationale kræftbyrde ; risikofaktorer for kræft (med fokus på adfærdsmæssige og miljømæssige risikofaktorer) ; programmer for tidlig opsporing; kræftbehandlingens resultater (med fokus på tilgængelighed, behandlingskvalitet, omkostninger og COVID-19’s indvirkning på kræftbehandling.)

This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Latvia as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).

El Estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas públicas de conducta empresarial responsable (CER) de Costa Rica busca fomentar el papel del Gobierno de Costa Rica en la promoción de prácticas empresariales que maximicen la contribución de las empresas al desarrollo sostenible y que prevengan y mitiguen los impactos adversos que sus actividades, cadenas de suministro o relaciones comerciales puedan causar, o contribuir a causar, sobre las personas, el planeta y la sociedad.

Добросовестность в системе государственного управления является важным условием эффективного функционирования государства, обеспечения доверия к власти и создания условий для устойчивого социально-экономического развития.

The OECD Responsible Business Conduct (RBC) Policy Review of Costa Rica seeks to foster the role of the Government in promoting business practices that maximise the contribution of enterprises to sustainable development and prevent and mitigate the adverse impacts that their activities, supply chains and/or business relationships may cause or contribute to cause on people, the planet, and society.

This report analyses the development of mortality assumptions to build mortality tables to better protect retirement income provision. Mortality assumptions are necessary to ensure the sustainability of lifetime incomes. It explores considerations and traditional approaches for developing mortality tables, as well as provides an international overview of longevity trends and drivers over the last several decades, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report also details the standard mortality tables developed across OECD member countries and offers guidelines to assist regulators and supervisors in assessing whether the mortality assumptions and tables used in the context of retirement income provision are appropriate.

This report uses rich administrative data from different registers in Finland to evaluate the impact of two types of training available to jobseekers: labour market training; and self-motivated training. Training outcomes are examined that go beyond the probability of employment and how different population groups are affected. The report also assesses the framework for impact evaluation of active labour market policies (ALMPs) in Finland, covering the whole cycle of evidence-based policy making from strategy and planning of evaluations, resources, data collection and evaluation methodologies to dissemination of evidence and use in policy making. Finally, the report makes recommendations for improving the effectiveness of Finland’s ALMPs and strengthening the capacity of the Finnish authorities in conducting ALMP impact evaluations. This report is the eleventh in a series of country reports on policies to connect people with better jobs. It was produced as part of the OECD’s project with the European Commission which aims to raise the quality of the data collected and their use in the evaluation of the effectiveness of ALMPs.

Il est essentiel de traiter de manière constructive les subventions dans le commerce mondial pour atteindre l’objectif des dirigeants du G-20 qui consiste à réformer et à renforcer le système commercial multilatéral. Le recours croissant à des subventions ayant un effet de distorsion modifie les courants d’échanges et d’investissements, affaiblit la valeur des consolidations tarifaires et des autres engagements en matière d’accès aux marchés, et ébranle le soutien du public en faveur du libre-échange. Des divergences marquées sur les subventions contribuent aux tensions commerciales mondiales qui nuisent à la croissance et au niveau de vie.

Tratar las subvenciones del comercio mundial de manera constructiva es un elemento central del objetivo de los líderes del G20 de reformar y reforzar el sistema multilateral de comercio. La utilización cada vez mayor de subvenciones causantes de distorsión altera los flujos comerciales y de inversión, menoscaba el valor de las consolidaciones arancelarias y otros compromisos de acceso a los mercados y erosiona el apoyo público al libre comercio. Las pronunciadas diferencias en torno a las subvenciones están contribuyendo a las tensiones comerciales mundiales, que perjudican al crecimiento y los niveles de vida.

Energy efficiency indicators are key to tracking energy efficiency progress for a variety of purposes (e.g. policy making, monitoring targets, making energy projections, developing scenarios and planning, and benchmarking). This guide is for professionals and decision makers, describing options and good practices for the collection of energy end-use data and the development of energy efficiency indicators at the national level. In parallel, it can also be used as an assessment tool, helping countries/economies to locate their starting point, and to identify appropriate targets according to their respective national interests and priorities.The roadmap presented here encompasses the results of a consultation exercise across countries and presents good practices and practical tips. It acknowledges that there is no single solution, but a number of possible pathways instead, depending on national contexts and priorities. The roadmap is a strategic document looking at the whole value chain in the development of efficiency indicators, from the initial point where the need for data and indicators arises up to the later dissemination and data use stages, and is meant to be a useful resource for practitioners across the globe in the development of energy efficiency indicators.

Une partie essentielle du projet OCDE/G20 sur l’érosion de la base d’imposition et le transfert de bénéfices (BEPS) consiste à relever les défis fiscaux soulevés par la numérisation de l'économie. En octobre 2021, plus de 135 juridictions ont adopté un plan novateur visant à mettre à jour les éléments clés du système fiscal international qui n'est plus adapté à l'économie mondialisée et numérisée. Les règles globales anti-érosion de la base d’imposition (règles GloBE) sont un élément clé de ce plan et garantissent que les grandes entreprises multinationales paient un niveau minimum d'impôt sur les revenus générés dans chacune des juridictions où elles opèrent. Plus précisément, les règles GloBE prévoient un système d'imposition coordonné qui prélève un impôt complémentaire sur les bénéfices réalisés dans une juridiction lorsque le taux d'imposition effectif, déterminé sur une base juridictionnelle, est inférieur au taux minimum. Le présent rapport délimite le champ d'application et présente les dispositions opérationnelles et les définitions des règles GloBE. Ces règles ont vocation à être mises en œuvre dans le cadre d'une approche commune et à être introduites dans la législation nationale à partir de 2022.

Tackling methane in the coal sector is a major opportunity for climate action that can also strengthen energy security. Experience shows that there are several steps countries can take today – using existing technologies and tools – that can lead to significant reductions in methane emissions from coal mining. This report highlights the lessons learned in different coal-producing jurisdictions to support the development of smart and effective methane regulation. It then provides detailed guidance on the process of designing, drafting and implementing new regulations. Finally, it discusses the different regulatory approaches currently in use for methane, with the aim of providing a comprehensive toolkit for policy makers.

With more chronic conditions and an ageing population, a growing share of the population will need end-of-life care, reaching close to 10 million people by 2050. While end-of-life care services help improve quality of life through relieving pain and other symptoms, currently, there are substantial gaps in the provision of services. More than half of deaths still occur in hospital across OECD countries, despite home generally being the preferred place of death, because of lack of appropriate services and poor care co-ordination. There are marked inequalities in access with people from higher education twice as likely to receive end-of-life care services than those with low education. Planning, recording of wishes and shared decision-making fall short of what is desirable, with only one-quarter of wishes being recorded in the form of advance directives. People at the end of life do not always receive appropriate symptom relief, while others suffer from overtreatment. This report suggests avenues to improve care for the dying by enhancing measurement and monitoring of quality and rethinking funding and governance models of care. End-of-life care could also be improved by increasing knowledge among health care staff across different care settings, and making communication around the topic more person-centred.