Browse by: "S"
Index
Title Index
Year Index
This report presenst a general review of the working of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport and its relations with other international organisations. As well as detailing the sectoral studies undertaken by the Conference the report contains a general review of the transport situation in the ECMT area during the year 1955.
Too much traffic? Road networks are increasingly unable to cope with ever-expanding requirements. Already severe in densely populated areas, the problem is becoming even more so as road traffic grows substantially.
Since road congestion can jeopardise vital economic interests, some specialists are advocating a process of user selection, essentially by means of a price mechanism. This Round Table examines the introduction of "road pricing" or a similar method in the form of tolls and compares approaches adopted in a number of countries.
Current changes in the structure of population, whether they relate to ageing or the radical modification of social practices, are of the utmost importance. Without dynamic new measures in the sphere of public transport, the private car will continue to be used more and more and what already seem to be insurmountable problems will be aggravated.
Round Table 88 seeks to determine the scale of these changes before analysing the various ways in which public transport can respond.
In view of the growing congestion of inland transport infrastructure, both road and rail, short sea shipping clearly warrants consideration as a valuable alternative. It is, in fact, a branch of transport activity that has attracted little attention, so its potential is still to be assessed.
Round Table 89 provides some factual information and analyses in this respect, thus giving a clearer picture of the activity at present and of the main obstacles to its development, such as the cost of port operations and legal problems.
Public sector reform requires internationally comparable statistics. This report explores several important aspects of currently available statistical sources on public sector employment. It examines who is responsible for collection, data collection methods, and available statistical publications. It also assesses the degree of similarity of national statistical concepts of the government sector, of comparability of national statistics across countries, and of adherence to international standards.
Studies on mobility and the organisation of transport do not usually take sufficient account of short-distance travel: journeys made on foot, by bicycle or by "people movers". When designing urban areas, planners underestimate the number of trips made by foot and the scope for non-motorised transport, an error that is now widely criticised by both the general public and certain policymakers. What is essentially called for is not drastic action involving substantial investment but simply a change in outlook. "People movers" -- or short-distance mechanised transport systems -- serve exceptional travel needs which cannot be met by conventional modes and which are impracticable by car, bicycle, or on foot.
This study offers is a limited "snapshot" of basic pre-tax pay for senior civil servants. It does not cover other factors relating to total lifetime rewards, such as the rewards likely to be available on leaving public service employment; lifetime earnings in a career public service structure, and alternative employment opportunities in the public and private sector for senior public servants. For cross-national comparison, pay levels have been expressed in purchasing power parities in US dollar equivalents.
OECD's journal on science, technology and industry policy and issues. This issue includes articles on technology and employment, innovation, long cycles, training and employment in new production models, structural change and employment, globalisation, and structural change and employment growth.
Special Issue on Innovation and Standards. New forms of innovation prompt a re-examination of how the strengths and weaknesses of national innovation systems are diagnosed. This is done in order to guide policy on supporting innovation and shaping the general conditions in which scientific and technical knowledge is put to economic use today. These general, "framework conditions", range from today's emerging global information infrastructures to the full gamut of regulatory and legal constraints operating at national and international levels. These include technical aspects related to standardisation, whose growing importance illustrates the emergence of new policy issues.
Why do governments engage in technology foresight? What lessons emerge from the results of national experiences in technology foresight? This special issue of the STI Review addresses these questions, and looks at the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies, including Delphi surveys, and the reliability of their results. It also addresses the issues of industrial involvement, the scope for international collaboration in technology foresight and the potential consequences for international technology co-operation or competition. Studies of government foresight exercises and their results are presented for Australia, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
In this 1996 report, the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) set a number of measurable international development goals. Subsequently, the commitment to halve world poverty became the focus of most donor organisations through the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Long central to UN programmes, this focus on poverty reduction became key to IMF and World Bank lending to low‑income countries.