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The International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook has long beenrecognised as theauthoritative source for projections of global trends in energy supply and demand, trade and investment and carbon dioxide emissions. For the first time this year’s Outlook extends its projection horizon to the year 2030. Against the background of the re-emergence of energy security as a global concern, this Outlook highlights the rapidly expanding importance of China as a strategic buyer on world oil and gas markets, the fact that a quarter of the world’s population still lacks modern energy services, the huge investments needed to maintain dependable energy supplies world wide, and the scale of the task facing those countries that are committed to reducing their greenhouse-gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol.
The challenge of expanding education systems while maintaining education quality and equity-related aims seems inextricably linked to questions of education finance. This volume is the third in a series of publications that seeks to analyse the education indicators developed through the OECD/UNESCO World Education Indicators (WEI) programme. The volume examines both the investments and returns to education and human capital. A national statistical profile that sets out selected contextual and finance indicators against both OECD and WEI benchmarks, together with a comprehensive statistical annex covering both WEI and OECD countries, complements the analysis. The countries participating in the OECD/UNESCO WEI programme are: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Jordan, Malaysia, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tunisia, Uruguay and Zimbabwe.
World energy demand will raise by two-thirds between now and 2030, and the world economy will falter if these energy supplies are not available. How much investment will be required to satisfy this need and can it be financed?
The WEIO 2003 from the IEA answers these questions in a first-ever attempt to quantify global energy investment needs, fuel by fuel and region by region.
The numbers are daunting. The global financial system has the capacity to fund the required investment, but are the conditions right?
The report links the results from the OECD PISA 2000 survey to qualitative evidence on important public policy measures in six countries that performed well in PISA. These measures included strategies for educational reform and innovation; issues of governance and resource allocation; national approaches to standard-setting, assessment and system monitoring; the organisation of support systems; the professional development of teachers; and approaches to addressing socio-economic differences in students’ backgrounds. Countries covered: Canada, England, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Sweden.
Why Fish Piracy Persists: The Economics of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing focuses on the economic, environmental and social aspects of fish piracy and identifies the forces that drive this activity. Based on data from a workshop of around 120 experts, as well as analytical documents developed for this study, this book presents the most systematic and consolidated information to date in order to assess measures already in place and to propose new solutions.
Mit über 50 Tabellen und Abbildungen bietet das Buch ein einzigartiges Datenmaterial zum besseren Verständnis der Realität des Wirtschaftswachstums.
The countries participating in this study include: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Jordan, Malaysia, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tunisia, Uruguay and Zimbabwe.
The International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook 2005 answers these challenging questions. In addition to providing updated projections of world energy demand and supply to 2030, it analyses in detail prospects for:
• The Middle East and North Africa’s domestic demand for oil, gas and electricity, including for water desalination.
• The region’s oil and gas resources, plans and potential for production and how much investment will be required.
• Energy-sector developments in Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
• What would happen if upstream oil investment is delayed.
• What would happen if consuming countries, driven by security concerns, persistent high prices or environmental policies, act to curb demand and develop alternatives.
The producing countries in the Middle East and North Africa can count on growing demand for their oil and gas. Are energy importing countries’ expectations of them realistic?
Drawing on data from the OECD’s Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA), this report examines the performance of students with immigrant backgrounds and compares it to that of their native counterparts. As well as providing information on countries’ approaches to the integration of immigrants, it looks at other factors that could influence immigrant students’ performance – such as their attitudes to school, their motivation and learning strategies as well as their social background and the language spoken at home – giving valuable implications for educational policy.
Agriculture is a major user of water and is responsible for much of its pollution. But the agricultural sector faces increasing competition for scarce water supplies from urban and industrial users and, increasingly, to sustain ecosystems. This conference proceedings explores how both governments and the private sector can expand the role of markets to allocate water used by all sectors and to get agricultural producers to account for the pollution that their sector generates.
This 2006 edition of IEA's annual World Energy Outlook presents two visions of the energy future. Will it be under-invested, vulnerable and dirty, or clean, clever and competitive? This edition of WEO responds to the remit of the G8 world leaders by mapping a new energy future, contrasting it with where we are now headed. WEO 2006 shows how to change course. It counts the costs and benefits - and the benefits win.
World Energy Outlook 2006 also answers these questions:
- Is the economic reaction to high energy prices merely delayed?
- Is oil and gas investment on track?
- Are the conditions shaping up for a nuclear energy revival?
- Can biofuels erode the oil monopoly in road transport?
- Can 2.5 billion people in developing countries switch to modern energy for cooking?
- Is Brazil learning new lessons or teaching the world?
With extensive statistics, detailed projections, analysis and advice, WEO 2006 equips policy-makers and the public to re-make the energy future.
While women account for more than half of university graduates in several OECD countries, they receive only 30% of tertiary degrees granted in science and engineering fields. This publication presents the proceedings of a recent international workshop to assess the underlying causes behind the low participation of women in scientific careers, especially at senior levels, and to identify good practice policies to attract, recruit and retain women in scientific careers in public and private research.
World leaders have pledged to act to change the energy future. Some new policies are in place. But the trends in energy demand, imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030 in this year’s World Energy Outlook are even worse than projected in WEO 2006. China and India are the emerging giants of the world economy. Their unprecedented pace of economic development will require ever more energy, but it will transform living standards for billions. There can be no question of asking them selectively to curb growth so as to solve problems which are global. So how is the transition to be achieved to a more secure, lower-carbon energy system? WEO 2007 provides the answers. With extensive statistics, projections in three scenarios, analysis and advice, it shows China, India and the rest of the world why we need to co-operate to change the energy future and how to do it.
This publication reviews migration policies in the main OECD countries receiving West African migrants and analyses the recent discussions within Europe. This report lists common approaches undertaken in Europe, Africa and West Africa and aims to shed light on decision makers’ strategic thinking. It provides the greater public with an objective understanding of this recent dynamic.
Der Verkehrssektor trägt in den meisten Ländern maßgeblich zu den Treibhausgasemissionen bei. Im Jahr 2005 verantwortete er 23 Prozent der weltweiten CO2-Emissionen aus der Verbrennung fossiler Kraftstoffe; in den OECD-Staaten waren es 30 Prozent. Der Straßenverkehr ist dabei der Hauptemittent, aber auch andere Verkehrsträger tragen zur globalen Erwärmung bei – besonders der Luft- und Seeverkehr. Typischerweise spiegelt die Zunahme der verkehrsbedingten Emissionen das Wirtschaftswachstum wieder und hält dabei Schritt mit dem Anstieg der Emissionen des Energiesektors oder überholt diesen sogar. Daher müssen die meisten Länder den Verkehrssektor in ihre Anstrengungen zur Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen einbeziehen.
Diese Publik verschafft Einblick in die Untersuchungen des Forums auf Gebieten wie Biokraftstoffe, Eco-Driving, dem Einfluss hoher Energiepreise sowie Politiken zur Senkung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs.
The World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2008 draws on the experience of another turbulent year in energy markets to provide new energy projections to 2030, region by region and fuel by fuel. It incorporates the latest data and policies. WEO-2008 focuses on two pressing issues facing the energy sector today:
-Prospects for oil and gas production: Through field-by-field analysis of production trends at 800 of the world’s largest oilfields, an assessment of the potential for finding and developing new reserves and a bottom-up analysis of upstream costs and investment, WEO-2008 takes a hard look at future global oil and gas supply.
-Post-2012 climate scenarios: Two different scenarios are assessed, one in which the atmospheric concentration of emissions is stabilised at 550 parts per million (ppm) in CO2 equivalent terms and the second at the still more ambitious level of 450ppm. The implications for energy demand, prices, investment, air pollution and energy security are fully spelled out. This ground-breaking analysis will enable policy makers to distill the key choices as they strive to agree in Copenhagen in 2009 on a post-Kyoto climate framework.
This Working Document is written for government and industry risk assessors, and for scientists involved in the registration and regulation of microbial pest control products (MPCPs) and their active agents (MPCAs). However, it can also be a useful tool in the assessment of microbial biocides. It presents the views of the different OECD countries on how they address these scientific issues in the safety evaluation of MPCPs. It is intended to be used as guidance in the safety assessment of microbials, but its use is not a requirement. For example, it can be used for the 4th list of substances to be assessed by the EU, for re-registrations of microbials, for national authorisations. In this way, government safety evaluations of data submitted for registration can be improved. With this guidance, (i) companies should be better prepared to submit the relevant data for risk assessment and (ii) regulatory authorities should be better prepared to review the submitted dossiers and monographs.