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The global energy landscape is evolving at a rapid pace, reshaping long-held expectations for our energy future. The 2014 edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO) will incorporate all the latest data and developments to produce a comprehensive and authoritative analysis of medium- and longer-term energy trends. It will complement a full set of energy projections – which extend from today through, for the first time, the year 2040 – with strategic insights into their meaning for energy security, the economy and the environment. Oil, natural gas, coal, renewables and energy efficiency will be covered, along with updates on trends in energy-related CO2 emissions, fossil-fuel and renewable energy subsidies, and universal access to modern energy services.
The WEO-2014 will also provide in-depth analysis of some topical energy sector issues:
Africa: This continent-wide focus, paying particular attention to the energy outlook for sub-Saharan Africa, will include data and projections for the entire region as well as for its key energy-producing and consuming countries. Key elements for analysis will be the prospects for improving access to modern energy services and for developing the region’s huge resource potential in a way that contributes not only to regional and global energy balances but also to local economic and social well-being.
Nuclear power: Uncertainties continue to cloud the future for nuclear – government policy, public confidence, financing in liberalised markets, competitiveness versus other sources of generation and the looming retirement of a large fleet of older plants. The study will assess the outlook for nuclear power and its implications.
Energy sector investment (WEO Special Report to be released 3 June): The analysis will provide a detailed assessment of current flows and future investment needs along the entire energy value chain, examining the scale of investment required and financing options. The report will also show how barriers to investment vary according to the strength of decarbonisation policies.
The precipitous fall in oil prices, continued geopolitical instability and the ongoing global climate negotiations are witness to the dynamic nature of energy markets. In a time of so much uncertainty, understanding the implications of the shifting energy landscape for economic and environmental goals and for energy security is vital. The World Energy Outlook 2015 (WEO-2015) will present updated projections for the evolution of the global energy system to 2040, based on the latest data and market developments, as well as detailed insights on the prospects for fossil fuels, renewables, the power sector and energy efficiency and analysis on trends in CO2 emissions and fossil-fuel and renewable energy subsidies.
In addition, the WEO-2015 covers in-depth analysis on several topical issues:
A lower oil price future? The decline in oil prices and changed market conditions has prompted a broad debate over how and when the oil market will re-balance. This analysis will examine the implications for markets, policies, investment, the fuel mix and emissions if oil prices stay lower for longer.
India’s energy outlook: How India’s energy sector develops over the coming decades will have profound implications both for the country’s own prospects and for the global energy system as a whole. With new impetus behind efforts to upgrade the country’s energy supply, this comprehensive, in-depth analysis will assess the multiple challenges and opportunities facing India as it develops the resources and infrastructure to meet rapidly rising energy demand.
Renewables and energy efficiency: In the run-up to COP21, the Outlook will provide a report on the competitive position of fast-growing renewable energy technologies in different markets, how this evolves and what implications this might have for policy; the analysis also tracks for the first time the coverage of energy use by efficiency policies around the world and the ways in which product design, recycling and reuse (“material efficiency”) can contribute to energy savings.
Unconventional gas: In addition to an update on the opportunities and challenges that face the development of unconventional gas globally, analysis will focus on the prospects for unconventional gas in China and how this might affect China’s energy outlook as well as regional and global balances.
The landmark Paris Agreement on climate change will transform the global energy system for decades to come.
The latest World Energy Outlook offers the most comprehensive analysis of what this transformation of the energy sector might look like, thanks to its energy projections to 2040. It reviews the key opportunities and challenges ahead for renewable energy, the central pillar of the low- carbon energy transition, as well as the critical role for energy efficiency.
WEO-2016 examines how a post-Paris world redefines the idea of energy security, particularly in the power sector, the frontline in the fight against climate change. The report explores how oil, natural gas and coal are adjusting to today’s market conditions and assesses the risks that lie ahead, from under-investment in essential supply to stranded assets.
WEO-2016 looks at individual country pledges and examines how close – or far – nations are from reaching their goals. It outlines a course that would limit the rise in global temperature to below 2 °C and also plots possible pathways for meeting even more ambitious goals.
This year, WEO-2016 also devotes a special chapter to the critical interplay between water and energy, with an emphasis on the stress points that arise as the linkages between these two sectors intensify.
The global energy scene is in a state of flux. Large-scale shifts include: the rapid deployment and steep declines in the costs of major renewable energy technologies; the growing importance of electricity in energy use across the globe; profound changes in China’s economy and energy policy, moving consumption away from coal; and the continued surge in shale gas and tight oil production in the United States.
These changes provide the backdrop for the World Energy Outlook-2017, which includes a full update of energy demand and supply projections to 2040 based on different scenarios. The projections are accompanied by detailed analyses of their impact on energy industries and investment, as well as implications for energy security and the environment.
The report this year includes a focus on China, which examines how China’s choices could reshape the global outlook for all fuels and technologies. A second focus, on natural gas, explores how the rise of shale gas and LNG are changing the global gas market as well as the opportunities and risks for gas in the transition to a cleaner energy system.
Finally, the WEO-2017 introduces a major new scenario – the Sustainable Development Scenario – that outlines an integrated approach to achieving internationally agreed objectives on climate change, air quality and universal access to modern energy.
What do today’s energy policies, policy ambitions and technology trends tell us about the future? Is the world getting closer or is it moving away from meeting energy-related sustainable development goals?
Drawing on the latest data on energy markets and technology trends, this year’s World Energy Outlook – the gold standard of long-term energy analysis – provides detailed analyses of these fundamental issues to 2040, covering all fuels, technologies and regions.
Electricity is the special focus of the 2018 edition. The share of electricity in global energy use is growing while the rise of low-carbon technologies is prompting a major transformation in the way electricity is generated. What might tomorrow’s power sector look like? How can it ensure reliable supply while reducing emissions?
WEO-2018 also asks what can be done to reduce the environmental footprint of the world’s oil and gas supply.
The World Energy Outlook series is a leading source of strategic insight on the future of energy and energy-related emissions, providing detailed scenarios that map out the consequences of different energy policy and investment choices.
This year's edition updates the outlooks for all fuels, technologies and regions, based on the latest market data, policy initiatives and cost trends.
In addition, the 2019 report tackles some key questions in depth:
- What do the shale revolution, the rise of liquefied natural gas, the falling costs of renewables and the spread of digital technologies mean for tomorrow's energy supply?
- How can the world get on a pathway to meet global climate targets and other sustainable energy goals?
- What are the energy choices that will shape Africa's future, and how might the rise of the African consumer affect global trends?
- How large a role could offshore wind play in the transformation of the energy sector?
- Could the world's gas grids one day deliver low-carbon energy?
The World Energy Outlook, the IEA’s flagship publication, provides a comprehensive view of how the global energy system could develop in the coming decades.
This year’s exceptional circumstances require an exceptional approach. The usual long-term modelling horizons are kept but the focus for this new Outlook is firmly on the next ten years, exploring in detail the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the energy sector and the near-term actions that could accelerate clean energy transitions.
The analysis targets the key uncertainties facing the energy sector in relation to the duration of the pandemic and its implications, while mapping out the choices that would pave the way towards a sustainable recovery.
The strategic insights from the WEO-2020 are based on detailed modelling of different potential pathways out of the crisis, covering all regions, fuels and technologies and using the latest data on energy markets, policies and costs.
Against the backdrop of turbulent markets and a crucial meeting of the COP26 conference on climate change in Glasgow, the 2021 World Energy Outlook (WEO) provides an indispensable guide to the opportunities, benefits and risks ahead at this vital moment for clean energy transitions.
The WEO is the energy world’s most authoritative source of analysis and projections. This flagship publication of the IEA has appeared every year since 1998. Its objective data and dispassionate analysis provide critical insights into global energy supply and demand in different scenarios and the implications for energy security, climate targets and economic development.
With the world in the midst of the first global energy crisis – triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine – the World Energy Outlook 2022 (WEO) provides indispensable analysis and insights on the implications of this profound and ongoing shock to energy systems across the globe.
Based on the latest energy data and market developments, this year’s WEO explores key questions about the crisis: Will it be a setback for clean energy transitions or a catalyst for greater action? How might government responses shape energy markets? Which energy security risks lie ahead on the path to net zero emissions?
The WEO is the energy world’s most authoritative source of analysis and projections. This flagship publication of the IEA has appeared every year since 1998. Its objective data and dispassionate analysis provide critical insights into global energy supply and demand in different scenarios and the implications for energy security, climate targets and economic development.
The World Energy Outlook 2023 provides in-depth analysis and strategic insights into every aspect of the global energy system. Against a backdrop of geopolitical tensions and fragile energy markets, this year’s report explores how structural shifts in economies and in energy use are shifting the way that the world meets rising demand for energy.
This Outlook assesses the evolving nature of energy security fifty years after the foundation of the IEA. It also examines what needs to happen at the COP28 climate conference in Dubai to keep the door open for the 1.5 °C goal. And, as it does every year, the Outlook examines the implications of today’s energy trends in key areas including investment, trade flows, electrification and energy access.
The data service contains key energy statistics for over 150 countries and regions. Data are provided in original units for the different types of coal, oil, natural gas, renewables and waste, as well as for electricity and heat. In general, the data are available for 1971 (1960 for OECD countries) to 2014, with preliminary estimates of 2015 production (and trade when available) for natural gas, primary coal and oil.
Data are provided in original units for the different types of coal, oil, natural gas, renewables and waste, as well as for electricity and heat. In general, the data are available for 1960 to 2014.
This publication presents comprehensive world energy statistics on all energy sources – coal, gas, oil, electricity, renewables and waste. It covers energy supply and consumption for 150 countries and regions, including all OECD countries, over 100 other key energy producing and consuming countries, as well as world and regional totals. The book includes detailed tables by country in original units for the year 2015, and summary time series on production, trade, and final consumption by sector. It also presents provisional 2016 supply data for OECD countries, and initial 2016 estimates for non-OECD countries’ production and trade of natural gas, primary coal and oil.
In the 2017 edition of World Energy Balances, data are presented as comprehensive energy balances expressed in energy units.
World Energy Statistics provides comprehensive world energy statistics on all energy sources – coal, gas, oil, electricity, renewables and waste. It covers energy supply and consumption for 150 countries and regions, including all OECD countries, over 100 other key energy producing and consuming countries, as well as world totals and various regional aggregates. The book includes detailed tables by country in original units, and summary time series on production, trade, and final consumption by sector.
In the companion publication World Energy Balances, data are presented as comprehensive energy balances expressed in energy units.
World Energy Statistics provides comprehensive world energy statistics on all energy sources – coal, gas, oil, electricity, renewables and waste. It covers energy supply and consumption for over 160 countries and regions, including all OECD countries, and more than 100 other key energy producing and consuming countries, as well as world totals and various regional aggregates. The book includes detailed tables by country in original units, and summary time series on production, trade, and final consumption by sector.
In the companion publication World Energy Balances, data are presented as comprehensive energy balances expressed in energy units.
Produced by the International Social Science Council (ISSC) and UNESCO, and published by the OECD, the 2013 World Social Science Report represents a comprehensive overview of the field gathering the thoughts and expertise of hundreds of social scientists from around the world.
This edition focuses on the transformative role of the social sciences in confronting climate and broader processes of environmental change, and in addressing priority problems from energy and water, biodiversity and land use, to urbanisation, migration and education.
The report includes 100 articles written by 150 authors from 41 countries all over the world. Authors represent some 24 disciplines, mainly in the social sciences.
The contributions highlight the central importance of social science knowledge for environmental change research, as a means of understanding changing environments in terms of social processes and as framework for finding concrete solutions towards sustainability.
Wytyczne OECD dla przedsiębiorstw wielonarodowych dotyczące odpowiedzialnego prowadzenia działalności biznesowej to zalecenia kierowane przez rządy do przedsiębiorstw wielonarodowych. Ich celem jest zachęcanie przedsiębiorstw do wnoszenia pozytywnego wkładu w postęp gospodarczy, środowiskowy i społeczny oraz minimalizowania negatywnych skutków w odniesieniu do kwestii objętych Wytycznymi OECD, które mogą być związane z działalnością, produktami i usługami przedsiębiorstwa. Wytyczne OECD obejmują wszystkie kluczowe obszary odpowiedzialności biznesu, w tym prawa człowieka, prawa pracownicze, środowisko, przekupstwo, interesy konsumenta, ujawnianie informacji, naukę i technologię, konkurencję i podatki. Wytyczne OECD, edycja 2023 r. zawiera zaktualizowane zalecenia dotyczące odpowiedzialnego prowadzenia działalności biznesowej w kluczowych obszarach, takich jak zmiana klimatu, różnorodność biologiczna, technologia, uczciwość biznesowa i należyta staranność w łańcuchu dostaw, a także zaktualizowane procedury wdrażania dla Krajowych Punktów Kontaktowych OECD ds. odpowiedzialnego biznesu.
Eine alternde Bevölkerung und ein steigender Bedarf an Kompetenzen verstärken die Erwartungen, dass die Hochschulen Weiterbildungsangebote für Erwachsene, die ihre Qualifikationen auf einem höheren Niveau erneuern oder erweitern wollen, ausbauen werden. Weiterbildung wird auch in Deutschland und insbesondere im Land Brandenburg immer wichtiger, um den Bestand an hochqualifizierten Arbeitskräften zu erhalten. Die öffentlichen Hochschuleinrichtungen in Brandenburg tragen bislang jedoch nur vergleichsweise wenig dazu bei. Um ihr Angebot an wissenschaftlicher Weiterbildung zu erweitern, bräuchten diese Einrichtungen mehr Rechtssicherheit bei der Verwendung öffentlicher Mittel angesichts der politischen Vorgaben der Europäischen Union (EU) zu staatlichen Beihilfen. Die EU-Beihilfepolitik gewährleistet, dass öffentliche Subventionen (staatliche Beihilfen) von staatlichen Stellen nicht zur Verdrängung anderer Akteure (wirtschaftlicher Tätigkeiten) von den Märkten verwendet werden. Es gibt keine klaren Vorgaben auf EU-, Bundes- oder Landesebene dazu, ob Weiterbildung eine nicht-wirtschaftliche Tätigkeit darstellt und somit von den EU-Beihilfevorschriften ausgenommen ist. Der vorliegende Bericht analysiert die rechtlichen Grundlagen und gibt Empfehlungen an die Landesregierung und öffentliche Hochschuleinrichtungen in Brandenburg dazu, wie sich der Status der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung als staatlich geförderte Tätigkeit klären lässt. Darüber hinaus werden Hinweise für die Auslegung und künftige Reform des EU-Beihilferahmens gegeben und Impulse für politisches Handeln auch in anderen deutschen Bundesländern und auf Bundesebene gesetzt.
In einer Welt, in der das, was einfach unterrichtet und abgefragt werden kann, auch das ist, was sich einfach digitalisieren und automatisieren lässt, kommt es auf unser Vorstellungsvermögen, unsere Sensibilität und unser Verantwortungsbewusstsein an. Mit diesen Eigenschaften können wir die Chancen des 21. Jahrhunderts nutzen, um die Welt zum Besseren zu verändern. Die Schulen von morgen werden den Schülerinnen und Schülern helfen müssen, selbstständig zu denken und anderen mit Empathie zu begegnen – im Arbeitsleben und als mündige Bürger. Dazu gehört es auch, ein ausgeprägtes Rechtsbewusstsein und Verständnis für die Bedürfnisse anderer Menschen zu entwickeln.
Wie können die Schulen das gewährleisten? Andreas Schleicher, Initiator der Internationalen Schulleistungsstudie PISA der OECD und weltweit anerkannte Autorität in Sachen Bildungspolitik, hat Bildungsverantwortliche aus über 70 Ländern bei der Gestaltung und Umsetzung zukunftsweisender bildungspolitischer Maßnahmen begleitet. Die Bildung zu verbessern, ist leichter gesagt als getan. Schleicher zeigt in diesem Buch zahlreiche Erfolgsbeispiele auf, aus denen wir lernen können. Dabei geht es nicht darum, vorgefertigte Lösungen aus anderen Schulen bzw. Ländern zu übernehmen. Ziel ist vielmehr die ernsthafte und unvoreingenommene Auseinandersetzung mit empfehlenswerten Praktiken aus dem In- und Ausland, um herauszufinden, was unter welchen Bedingungen funktioniert. Von Haus aus Physiker, wirft Schleicher einen ganz eigenen Blick auf die Reform der Bildung: Sie ist für ihn Kunst und Wissenschaft gleichermaßen, wie er überzeugend darlegt.
Wytyczne OECD dla przedsiębiorstw wielonarodowych zachęcają przedsiębiorstwa do podejmowania działań na rzecz rozwoju gospodarczego, ochrony środowiska naturalnego oraz rozwoju społecznego, a także stwierdzają, że działalność prowadzona przez przedsiębiorstwa może wywoływać negatywne skutki w odniesieniu do pracowników, poszanowania praw człowieka, ochrony środowiska, zachowań korupcyjnych, ochrony interesów konsumentów oraz ładu korporacyjnego.
Wytyczne OECD dotyczące należytej staranności w zakresie odpowiedzialnych łańcuchów dostaw w sektorze tekstylno--odzieżowym i obuwniczym (zwane dalej Wytycznymi) mają pomóc przedsiębiorstwom we wdrażaniu rekomendacji dotyczących należytej staranności, zawartych w Wytycznych OECD dla przedsiębiorstw wielonarodowych (Wytycznych
OECD), w całym łańcuchu dostaw przemysłu tekstylno-odzieżowego i obuwniczego, tak by zapobiegać i przeciwdziałać potencjalnym negatywnym skutkom działalności przedsiębiorstw oraz ich łańcuchów dostaw.
Niniejsze Wytyczne mają wspierać cele Wytycznych OECD dla przedsiębiorstw wielonarodowych, by zapewnić zgodność działalności przedsiębiorstw w sektorze tekstylno- -odzieżowym i obuwniczym z polityką rządową, w celu wzmocnienia podstaw wzajemnego zaufania między przedsiębiorstwami a społeczeństwami, w których działają. Niniejsze Wytyczne mają także wspierać przedsiębiorstwa w realizacji zaleceń dotyczących należytej staranności zawartych w Wytycznych ONZ dotyczących biznesu i prawczłowieka. Są również zgodne z Deklaracją Międzynarodowej Organizacji Pracy (MOP) dotyczącą Podstawowych Zasad i Praw Pracy, właściwymi konwencjami i rekomendacjami MOP oraz jej Trójstronną Deklaracją Zasad dotyczących Przedsiębiorstw Wielonarodowych i Polityki Społecznej. Niniejsze Wytyczne, wraz z modułami dotyczącymi należytej staranności w określonych obszarach ryzyka, zapewniają przedsiębiorstwom kompletny pakiet potrzebny do prowadzenia odpowiedzialnej działalności i polityki zaopatrzenia w sektorze tekstylno-odzieżowym i obuwniczym. Niniejsze Wytyczne opracowano w drodze
wielostronnego procesu, przy głębokim zaangażowaniu zarówno krajów OECD, jak i niebędących członkami OECD, przedstawicieli biznesu, związków zawodowych i społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, pod nadzorem Grupy roboczej OECD do spraw odpowiedzialnego prowadzenia biznesu. Niniejsze Wytyczne mają mieć charakter praktyczny,
z naciskiem na wypracowanie konstruktywnych, opartych na współpracy metod rozwiązywania złożonych problemów. Niniejsze Wytyczne opierają się na wyczerpujących
raportach Krajowych Punktów Kontaktowych OECD ds. prowadzenia odpowiedzialnego biznesu (francuski i włoski KPK), opracowanych pod kątem wdrażania
Wytycznych OECD dla przedsiębiorstw wielonarodowych w sektorze tekstylno-odzieżowym i obuwniczym oraz stanowią odpowiedź na oświadczenia wydane przez niektóre
Krajowe Punkty Kontaktowe w czerwcu 2013 roku i w roku 2014 po tragicznej katastrofie budowlanej Rana Plaza w Bangladeszu.