Indicators of Immigrant Integration 2023
Settling In
This joint OECD-European Commission publication presents a comprehensive comparison of the integration outcomes of immigrants and their children in OECD, EU and selected other countries. It includes 83 indicators covering three main areas: labour market and skills; living conditions; and civic engagement and social integration. The publication also provides detailed data on the characteristics of immigrant populations and households. Three special chapters are dedicated to focusing on the integration outcomes of specific groups: elderly migrants, youth with foreign-born parents, and third-country nationals in the European Union and European OECD countries.
Living conditions of immigrants
This chapter presents a range of indicators on living conditions; namely, immigrants’ income, housing, and health. It looks first at disposable household income (Indicator 4.1) and the risk of poverty (Indicators 4.2 and 4.3). It then considers housing indicators: tenure (Indicator 4.4), the incidence of overcrowding (Indicator 4.5), general housing conditions (Indicator 4.6), housing costs (Indicator 4.7), as well as the characteristics of the area where immigrants live (Indicator 4.8). Finally, it analyses self-reported health (Indicator 4.9), health risk factors (Indicator 4.10) and the lack of medical treatment (Indicator 4.11).
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