OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Brazil 2021
In the 30 years since the inception of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, or SUS), Brazil has reduced health inequalities, and improved coverage and access to health care. However, mobilising sufficient financing for the universal health coverage mandate of SUS has been a constant challenge, not helped by persistent inefficiencies in the use of resources in the Brazilian health system. Demographic and epidemiological changes, rising expectations from society, and the emerging needs of a post-COVID‑19 recovery period mean that continued adjustments and reforms are needed to ensure the sustainability of the health system. This review uses internationally recognised indicators and policy frameworks to examine the performance of Brazilian health system. The report points to key actions that Brazil should consider prioritising in the coming years to strengthen health system performance, especially improving efficiency and sustainability of financing, upgrading its health data infrastructure to leverage a digital transformation, and addressing major population risk factors such as overweight and harmful alcohol consumption. A companion publication with a review of primary health care in Brazil further examines the key role of primary health care to improve the performance of the Brazilian health system.
Also available in: Portuguese
Health care needs and the health care system in Brazil
The current principles and structure of Brazil’s health care system (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS) were conceived in 1988 after the approval of the new Brazilian Constitution that established health as a universal right for the whole population and a state responsibility. Many measures of health system performance in Brazil have improved since SUS inception, but gains have not been equal across population groups. While virtually the entire population is formally covered by the public health sector, with equal benefits and equal financial protection, private sources of spending predominate either via voluntary private health insurance or direct payments by households which affect disproportionately Brazil’ poor and disadvantaged populations. Low public health spending, along with demographic and epidemiologic transitions, are also challenging the financial sustainability of the Brazilian health care system.
Also available in: Portuguese
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