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OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Brazil 2021

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In the 30 years since the inception of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, or SUS), Brazil has reduced health inequalities, and improved coverage and access to health care. However, mobilising sufficient financing for the universal health coverage mandate of SUS has been a constant challenge, not helped by persistent inefficiencies in the use of resources in the Brazilian health system. Demographic and epidemiological changes, rising expectations from society, and the emerging needs of a post-COVID‑19 recovery period mean that continued adjustments and reforms are needed to ensure the sustainability of the health system. This review uses internationally recognised indicators and policy frameworks to examine the performance of Brazilian health system. The report points to key actions that Brazil should consider prioritising in the coming years to strengthen health system performance, especially improving efficiency and sustainability of financing, upgrading its health data infrastructure to leverage a digital transformation, and addressing major population risk factors such as overweight and harmful alcohol consumption. A companion publication with a review of primary health care in Brazil further examines the key role of primary health care to improve the performance of the Brazilian health system.

English Also available in: Portuguese

Financial sustainability of health spending and efficiency

The introduction of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) has been a major achievement for Brazil in increasing access to health care services and reducing health inequalities. However, sufficient financing has been a constant challenge since its inception and there is dissatisfaction with apparent inefficiencies in the Brazilian health system. Recent projections suggest that a substantial increase in health spending will be necessary over the next decades to meet future health and long-term care needs. A combination of initiatives that focus, on the one hand, on generating fiscal space to allow for more public financing in health, and on the other hand, on facilitating a more efficient provision of health care can help meet future health care financing needs. Fiscal space could, for example, be achieved by reducing the tax deductibility of private health spending. Potential for efficiency gains exist throughout the health system.

English Also available in: Portuguese

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