The Culture Fix
Creative People, Places and Industries
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Cultural and creative sectors and industries are a significant source of jobs and income. They are a driver of innovation and creative skills, within cultural sectors and beyond. They also have significant social impacts, from supporting health and well-being, to promoting social inclusion and local social capital. As national and local governments reconsider growth models in the wake of COVID-19, cultural and creative sectors can be a tool for a resilient recovery if certain longer-term challenges in the sector are addressed. The report outlines international trends with new data, including at subnational scale. It addresses issues in cultural and creative sectors in terms of employment, business development, cultural participation and funding, both public and private. It provides analysis of how these sectors contribute to economic growth and inclusion, taking into account the impact of COVID-19 related crisis on jobs and firms. Finally, it offers recommendations on how to capitalise on the role of cultural and creative sectors in national and local recovery strategies.
Defining and measuring cultural and creative sectors
There is no universal definition of cultural and creative sectors. Each country has its own definition and produces different types of statistics relating to cultural participation, cultural and creative employment, and other factors. Inconsistencies in definition and in data collection make international comparisons of cultural and creative sectors (CCS) problematic. This chapter reviews existing approaches to defining CCS across OECD countries and offers an in-depth explanation of the methods used in this report to produce comparative statistics.
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