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Browse by: "2016"

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This screening Test Guideline describes the effects of a test chemical on male and female reproductive performance. It has been updated with endocrine disruptor endpoints, in particular measure of anogenital distance and male nipple retention in pups and thyroid examination.

The test substance is administered in graduated doses to several groups of males and females. Males should be dosed for a minimum of four weeks. Females should be dosed throughout the study, so approximately 63 days. Matings "one male to one female" should normally be used in this study. This Test Guideline is designed for use with the rat. It is recommended that each group be started with at least 10 animals of each sex. Generally, at least three test groups and a control group should be used. Dose levels may be based on information from acute toxicity tests or on results from repeated dose studies. The test substance is administered orally and daily. The results of this study include clinical observations, body weight and food/water consumption, oestrous cycle monitoring, offspring parameters observation/measurement, thyroid hormone measurement, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology. The findings of this toxicity study should be evaluated in terms of the observed effects, necropsy and microscopic findings. Because of the short period of treatment of the male, the histopathology of the testis and epididymus should be considered along with the fertility data, when assessing male reproductive effects.

French
  • 21 Jul 2016
  • OECD, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Pages: 247

OECD Environmental Performance Reviews provide independent assessments of countries’ progress towards their environmental policy objectives. Reviews promote peer learning, enhance government accountability, and provide targeted recommendations aimed at improving environmental performance, individually and collectively. They are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data, and evidence-based analysis. Each cycle of Environmental Performance Reviews covers all OECD countries and selected partner economies.

This report is the second Environmental Performance Review of Chile. It evaluates progress towards sustainable development and green growth, with a focus on climate change and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.

Spanish, French

This document describes a honey bee brood laboratory toxicity test using repeated doses. It is based on the OECD Test Guideline 237: Honey bees (Apis mellifera) larval toxicity test, single exposure (1) ring tested in seven European laboratories, which is itself based on a method developed in France (2) (3) (4), and on methods described in the Coloss Beebook (5) that provides useful guidance for honey bee testing, breeding honey bees, studying honey bee biology and understanding honey bee pests and pathogens.

  • 11 Jul 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 272

Les Examens environnementaux de l’OCDE sont des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par les pays pour tenir leurs objectifs environnementaux. Ces examens sont destinés à favoriser les échanges de bonnes pratiques, à aider les gouvernements à rendre compte de leurs politiques et à améliorer la performance environnementale, individuelle et collective, des pays. Les analyses s’appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales. Au cours de chaque cycle d’examens environnementaux, l’OCDE passe en revue l’ensemble de ses pays membres ainsi que certains pays partenaires. Les derniers pays examinés sont le Brésil (2015), les Pays-Bas (2015) et le Chili (2016).

Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental de la France. Il évalue ses progrès en matière de développement durable et de croissance verte, avec un accent particulier sur la transition énergétique et la biodiversité.

English

To ensure that the tests used to address the safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials are consistent and defensible; the OECD launched the Sponsorship Programme for the Testing of Manufactured Nanomaterials (Testing Programme) in November 2007. This Testing Programme verifies the testing methods used on Manufactured Nanomaterials by pooling the expertise of OECD member countries, some non-member countries and other stakeholders to fund the safety testing of specific Manufactured Nanomaterials. This document is the summary of the dossier on silver nanoparticles. The Summary includes information on physical and chemical properties; general information on exposure; hazards to the environment; and toxicological information.

  • 01 Jul 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 26

To ensure that the tests used to address the safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials are consistent and defensible; the OECD launched the Sponsorship Programme for the Testing of Manufactured Nanomaterials (Testing Programme) in November 2007. This Testing Programme verifies the testing methods used on Manufactured Nanomaterials by pooling the expertise of OECD member countries, some non-member countries and other stakeholders to fund the safety testing of specific Manufactured Nanomaterials. This document is the summary of the dossier on Fullerenes (C60). The Summary includes information on physical and chemical properties; general information on exposure; hazards to the environment; and toxicological information.

  • 23 Jun 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 296

Ce rapport est le premier examen environnemental du Brésil. Il évalue les progrès accomplis par le Brésil en termes de développement durable et d'économie verte, avec un accent sur la conservation de la biodiversité et l’utilisation durable des zones protégées. Les examens environnementaux de l’OCDE sont des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par les pays pour tenir leurs engagements environnementaux nationaux et internationaux. Ces examens ont pour objectif de favoriser les échanges de bonnes pratiques et l’apprentissage entre pairs, d’aider les gouvernements à rendre compte de leurs politiques auprès des autres pays et de l’opinion publique et d’améliorer la performance environnementale, individuelle et collective, des pays. Les analyses s’appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales et contiennent également des recommandations de politique publique. Au cours de chaque cycle d’examens environnementaux, l’OCDE passe en revue l’ensemble de ses pays membres ainsi que certains pays partenaires. Les derniers pays examinés sont la Pologne (2015), l’Espagne (2015) et les Pays-Bas (2015).

English, Portuguese
  • 10 Jun 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 108

Le Panorama de l’environnement 2015 présente des indicateurs-clés de l’environnement, ainsi qu’une sélection d’indicateurs socio-économiques et sectoriels, afin de suivre les progrès des pays membres de l’OCDE sur une sélection de sujets environnementaux et d’informer les débats et l’évaluation politiques. L’édition de cette année couvre plus largement la fiscalité environnementale, l’aide publique au développement et les budgets de recherche et développement. 
 

English
  • 09 Jun 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 116

This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of outdoor air pollution in the coming decades, focusing on the impacts on mortality, morbidity, and changes in crop yields as caused by high concentrations of pollutants. Unless more stringent policies are adopted, findings point to a significant increase in global emissions and concentrations of air pollutants, with severe impacts on human health and the environment. The market impacts of outdoor air pollution are projected to lead to significant economic costs, which are illustrated at the regional and sectoral levels, and to substantial annual global welfare costs.

French
  • 08 Jun 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 145

To ensure that the tests used to address the safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials are consistent and defensible; the OECD launched the Sponsorship Programme for the Testing of Manufactured Nanomaterials (Testing Programme) in November 2007. This Testing Programme verifies the testing methods used on Manufactured Nanomaterials by pooling the expertise of OECD member countries, some non-member countries and other stakeholders to fund the safety testing of specific Manufactured Nanomaterials. This dossier on Synthetic Amorphous Silicon dioxide (SAS) provides an overview of the outcomes of the testing as well as background information and including a review of relevant literature. Detailed information on results is presented in the appendices to this report.

  • 30 May 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 48

To ensure that the tests used to address the safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials are consistent and defensible; the OECD launched the Sponsorship Programme for the Testing of Manufactured Nanomaterials (Testing Programme) in November 2007. This Testing Programme verifies the testing methods used on Manufactured Nanomaterials by pooling the expertise of OECD member countries, some non-member countries and other stakeholders to fund the safety testing of specific Manufactured Nanomaterials. This document is the summary of the dossier on Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The Summary includes information on physical and chemical properties; general information on exposure; hazards to the environment; and toxicological information.

  • 15 May 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 128

This report responds to the request by G7 Leaders at the Schloss Elmau Summit in June 2015, for the OECD to develop policy guidance on resource efficiency. Establishing a resource efficient economy is a major environmental, development and macroeconomic challenge today. Improving resource efficiency by putting in place policies that implement the principles of reduce, reuse, recycle (the 3Rs) is crucial to improving resource use, security and competitiveness while diminishing the associated environmental impacts.

  • 06 May 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 248

Ce rapport est le troisième examen environnemental des Pays-Bas. Il évalue les progrès accomplis par les Pays-Bas en termes de développement durable et de croissance verte, avec un accent particulier sur la mobilité durable et la gestion des déchets et des matières. Les examens environnementaux de l’OCDE sont des évaluations indépendantes des progrès accomplis par les pays pour tenir leurs engagements environnementaux nationaux et internationaux. Ces examens ont pour objectif de favoriser les échanges de bonnes pratiques et l’apprentissage entre pairs, d’aider les gouvernements à rendre compte de leurs politiques auprès des autres pays et de l’opinion publique et d’améliorer la performance environnementale, individuelle et collective, des pays. Les analyses s’appuient sur un large éventail de données économiques et environnementales et contiennent également des recommandations de politique publique. Au cours de chaque cycle d’examens environnementaux, l’OCDE passe en revue l’ensemble de ses pays membres ainsi que certains pays partenaires. Les derniers pays examinés sont la Pologne (2015), l’Espagne (2015) et le Brésil (2015).

English
  • 27 Apr 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 252

This report explores the growth prospects for the ocean economy, its capacity for future employment creation and innovation, and its role in addressing global challenges. Special attention is devoted to the emerging ocean-based industries in light of their high growth and innovation potential, and contribution to addressing challenges such as energy security, environment, climate change and food security.
 
The report examines the risks and uncertainties surrounding the future development of ocean industries, the innovations required in science and technology to support their progress, their potential contribution to green growth and some of the implications for ocean management.  Finally, and looking across the future ocean economy as a whole, it explores possible avenues for action that could boost its long-term development prospects while managing the use of the ocean itself in responsible, sustainable ways.

 

French
  • 22 Apr 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 41

Gegenstand des vorliegenden Dokumentes ist die Einführung eines Lebenszyklusansatzes für die Validierung und den Betrieb computergestützter Systeme. Dabei steht die Risikobeurteilung als zentrales Element eines skalierbaren, ökonomischen und effektiven Validierungsprozesses mit Fokus auf Datenintegrität im Mittelpunkt. Mit dem vorliegenden Dokument soll eine Orientierungshilfe und Anleitung gegeben werden, die es Prüfeinrichtungen ermöglicht, eine geeignete Strategie für die Validierung und den Betrieb jeglicher Art von computergestützten Systemen in einer GLP-Umgebung zu entwickeln, ungeachtet ihrer Komplexität.

English

This report assesses the Republic of Kazakhstan’s significant efforts to improve water supply and sanitation (WSS) services over the past 15 years, notably in terms of ambitious target-setting, implementation of a sound water tariff policy, and significant investment in the rehabilitation and development of relevant infrastructure. Generally speaking, the absence of updated data on WSS institutional development is a limiting factor for further policy and programme development in the field, including in Kazakhstan. The monitoring and evaluation system proposed in this report aims to help assess progress in the WSS sector and serve as a basis for any necessary corrective measures.

Russian
  • 13 Apr 2016
  • OECD
  • Pages: 100

This report presents an overview of existing environmental credit lines in the EU’s Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine), which are mostly supported by International Finance Institutions and donors and disbursed by local commercial banks. Lessons learned from this type of credit-line implementation provide useful insights for spurring the banking sector into financing green investments.

Le changement climatique devrait augmenter la probabilité et l’ampleur des risques climatiques extrêmes, notamment les sécheresses et les inondations, auxquels le secteur agricole est tout particulièrement exposé. Même si les gains de productivité dans l’agriculture et l’évolution des politiques ont permis d’améliorer la gestion de ces risques en réduisant leurs impacts sur le secteur et les marchés agricoles, il n’en reste pas moins des marges de manœuvre significatives pour améliorer et coordonner les politiques en matière d’allocation et de droits d’usage de l’eau, de systèmes d’informations météorologiques et hydrologiques, d’innovation et de formation, d’assurance et d’indemnisation. Les risques de sécheresses et d’inondations constitueront sans aucun doute un enjeu majeur de politique publique, dès lors que l’augmentation de la demande de produits agricoles (aliments, fibres et énergie), la compétition croissante pour l’usage de l’eau et l’urbanisation accentueront les besoins de prévention et d’atténuation des risques, soulevant la question de leurs répartitions sectorielle et géographique.

 

 

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