Browse by: "2023"

Syöpäprofiileissa kuvataan EU:n 27 jäsenvaltion sekä Islannin ja Norjan vahvuudet, haasteet ja erityiset toiminta-alat, jotka ohjaavat niiden investointeja ja toimia EU:n, kansallisella ja alueellisella tasolla EU:n syöväntorjuntasuunnitelman puitteissa. Kussakin maakohtaisessa syöpäprofiilissa esitetään lyhyt yhteenveto seuraavista: kansallinen syöpätaakka; syövän riskitekijät (joissa keskitytään käyttäytymiseen ja ympäristöön liittyviin riskitekijöihin); (varhaista havaitsemista koskevat ohjelmat; syövän hoidon suorituskyky (jossa keskitytään saatavuuteen, hoidon laatuun, kustannuksiin ja COVID-19:n vaikutukseen syövän hoitoon).

Kræftlandeprofilerne identificerer styrker, udfordringer og specifikke indsatsområder for hver af de 27 EU-medlemsstater, Island og Norge, som skal være retningsgivende for investeringer og indgreb på EU-plan samt på nationalt og regionalt plan inden for rammerne af den europæiske kræfthandlingsplan. Hver landekræftprofil indeholder en kort sammenfatning af: den nationale kræftbyrde ; risikofaktorer for kræft (med fokus på adfærdsmæssige og miljømæssige risikofaktorer) ; programmer for tidlig opsporing; kræftbehandlingens resultater (med fokus på tilgængelighed, behandlingskvalitet, omkostninger og COVID-19’s indvirkning på kræftbehandling.)

This profile identifies strengths, challenges and specific areas of action on cancer prevention and care in Latvia as part of the European Cancer Inequalities Registry, a flagship initiative of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan. It provides a short synthesis of: the national cancer burden; risk factors for cancer (focusing on behavioural and environmental risk factors); early detection programmes; and cancer care performance (focusing on accessibility, care quality, costs and the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care).

Illicit trade in counterfeit goods causes economic damage by reducing sales and profits as well as innovation incentives in legitimate industries. This study looks at damages caused by illicit trade in counterfeits to small and medium-sized enterprises. The robust evidence on the magnitude, scope and trends of this risk informs policy makers about the need to include anti-counterfeiting elements in policy packages designed to support SMEs.

This report examines how to promote sustainable infrastructure investment. It discusses data needs for infrastructure investment and the current environment, social and governance (ESG) approaches before offering policy recommendations to help ensure that investors are better equipped to make investment decisions related to infrastructure assets. The report explores legal and regulatory barriers to quality infrastructure investment, and considers how governments can help infrastructure actors promote quality infrastructure projects, ensure project objectives and reporting correspond with investor expectations, and how to mobilise funding and financing for inclusive and quality infrastructure investment in both regions and cities.

До широкомасштабного вторгнення Росії 24 лютого 2022 року Україна досягла значного поступу в реалізації амбітних реформ регіонального розвитку та децентралізації. Результатом цих реформ стало створення 1 469 об’єднаних муніципалітетів, введення детальної багаторівневої структури планування регіонального розвитку, а також значне підвищення рівня надання місцевих державних послуг і державного фінансування регіонального та місцевого розвитку. Однак на шляху реформ виникли деякі проблеми, багато з яких були значно загострені війною Росії проти України. Ці проблеми включають збільшення регіональних економічних та демографічних розбіжностей і відмінностей у рівні добробуту, фрагментарну структуру фінансування регіонального розвитку, а також помітні розбіжності в адміністративних, кадрових і фіскальних можливостях муніципалітетів. У цьому звіті представлено глибокий аналіз поступу України у впровадженні реформ багаторівневого управління та досліджено роль місцевих органів влади в управлінні катастрофою. Виходячи з цього, у звіті рекомендуються можливі шляхи використання Україною разом з міжнародними партнерами багаторівневого управління, регіонального розвитку і децентралізації для підтримки процесів місцевої відбудови та відновлення з метою вирішення нагальних гуманітарних потреб, відновлення місцевої економіки та громад, а також посилення їхньої стійкості.

The OECD Public Governance Review of Honduras offers recommendations to strengthen the effectiveness, coherence and openness of the country’s public sector, and in particular its centre of government. It first provides an overview of Honduras’s public sector and assesses its performance across interrelated dimensions. It then examines important public governance areas such as the role of the centre of government in policy co-ordination, results-based management in government, efforts to build a sound monitoring and evaluation system, and the design and implementation of open government in Honduras. The recommendations of this report seek to support Honduras in the adoption of an inclusive and outcome-oriented approach to public governance capable of delivering better results for its citizens.

The Romanian government has undertaken important legal and institutional changes over the past decade to improve the governance and performance of its state-owned enterprises (SOEs), yet significant implementation shortcomings persist. This review describes and assesses the corporate governance framework of the Romanian SOE sector against the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises. It also makes recommendations to help the Romanian authorities design adequate mechanisms to ensure the implementation of applicable rules for the exercise of state ownership and the governance of SOEs.

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) remain vulnerable to being used as conduits for political finance, patronage, and personal or related-party enrichment. Lingering weaknesses in corporate governance and ownership arrangements can expose SOEs to such exploitation and undermine SOE efforts to uphold integrity. This report highlights these weaknesses and provides state owners with a better understanding of which activities are effective in insulating SOEs from undue influence. It also takes stock of how OECD member and participating countries are implementing relevant provisions of the OECD Guidelines on Anti-Corruption and Integrity in SOEs, serving as the first report on the implementation of the Guidelines since their adoption in 2019.

Le Scan de l’espace civique en Tunisie propose une analyse en profondeur des cadres légaux, de politiques publiques, et institutionnels ainsi que des pratiques sous-tendant l’espace civique et nécessaires aux acteurs non-gouvernementaux pour accéder à l’information, s’exprimer, s’associer, s’organiser et participer à la vie publique. Le Scan évalue les quatre dimensions clés de l’espace civique : les droits et libertés publics ; les droits et libertés numériques et des médias ; l’environnement opérationnel des organisations de la société civile ; et la participation civique à l’élaboration des politiques publiques et à la prise de décisions. Il adopte une perspective de long terme pour dresser un bilan des progrès réalisés au cours des dix dernières années, identifier les défis restants, et proposer des recommandations opérationnelles pour renforcer l’espace civique comme précondition aux réformes du gouvernement ouvert en Tunisie.

This report serves to support the development of Latin America’s legal and regulatory frameworks for sustainability disclosure, the responsibilities of company boards and shareholder rights. The report presents the results of two OECD surveys on sustainability practices of listed companies and asset managers in the region. It also draws upon an OECD dataset on the current trends and features of corporate sustainability at the global level.

The deep and rapid changes in the world of work driven by the digital and green transformations as well as population ageing have been associated with greater job instability, with potential costs for companies, workers and society. The unprecedented labour and skill shortages that emerged during the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic have raised further the importance of developing and retaining talent. In the context of a more age-diverse workforce, addressing this challenge will require better working conditions, greater investments in training and tackling difficulties in reconciling work with health issues and caring responsibilities. This report presents evidence on recent trends in job tenure and employee turnover, how they have changed due to the COVID-19 shock and sheds light on why employees quit their jobs. It identifies key employer and public policies that can support increased employment retention through better job quality, health at the workplace, and training and skills.

This report presents a case study of applying the OECD anticipatory innovation governance framework to develop and manage anticipatory innovation ecosystems as vehicles for knowledge generation, innovation governance and co-ordinated action to achieve policy goals. Part I establishes the case for anticipatory innovation ecosystems and sets out how they can be governed through a multi-level approach. In Part II, opportunities and challenges for applying this approach in the Latvian context are identified, and recommendations are made for developing anticipatory innovation ecosystems in Latvia.

The use of telemedicine was quite limited in most OECD countries before the COVID-19 pandemic, held back by regulatory barriers and hesitancy from patients and providers. In early 2020, as COVID-19 massively disrupted in-person care, governments moved quickly to promote the use of telemedicine. The number of teleconsultations skyrocketed, playing a vital role in maintaining access to care, but only partly offsetting reductions in in-person care. This report provides an overview of the use of telemedicine in OECD countries, describing how governments scaled up remote care during the pandemic and exploring the impact that this massive shift to remote care has had on health care system performance. Telemedicine may be here to stay, but questions remain concerning how to regulate its use, how to pay for it, how to integrate it with in-person care, and how to make sure that it constitutes good value for money for all. This report puts forth priorities for policy makers to inform the discussion and to promote the best use of remote care services in the future.

Over the years, it became more and more evident that governmental considerations on new materials should not be limited to the ‘simple’ nanomaterials. Furthermore, many of these (nano) materials possess/display an additional complexity, e.g. a new or enhanced functionality and/or multiple components. This may lead to further challenges compared to ‘simple’ nanomaterials They are part of a broader material category known as "advanced materials." The term "advanced materials" (AdMa) is used broadly and in various contexts. Therefore, the OECD has chosen to concentrate on the connections between nanotechnologies and AdMa, aiming to establish a common understanding of the term's scope for OECD usage. Through a questionnaire and a review of previous initiatives in this field, the OECD gathered Delegations' perspectives. The questionnaire results led to the creation of a Working Description on Advanced Materials (WD AdMa), intended to outline a framework for future work.

This report compiles and shares some of the lessons learnt from implementing post-Fukushima actions related to human and organisational factors (HOF), including at nuclear facility operating companies, technical support organisations, research institutions, and regulatory authorities. It summarises a two-phase information-gathering exercise, overseen by the NEA Working Group on Human and Organisational Factors, about the requirements and guidelines that countries and nuclear licensees have adopted since the accident. The report discusses the central role of human and organisational performance in mitigating extreme external events and the management of severe accidents. It addresses the importance of validating the ability to perform these actions, and the challenges associated with performing such validations with fidelity to the conditions likely to be present during such events. The report concludes by providing four key recommendations that seek to promote greater sharing of information and the identification of best practices.