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The first OECD Report on Public Communication: The Global Context and the Way Forward examines the public communication structures, mandates and practices of centres of governments and ministries of health from 46 countries, based on the 2020 Understanding Public Communication surveys. It analyses how this important government function contributes to better policies and services, greater citizen trust, and, ultimately, stronger democracies in an increasingly complex information environment. It looks at the role public communication can play in responding to the challenges posed by the spread of mis- and disinformation and in building more resilient media and information ecosystems. It also makes the case for a more strategic use of communication by governments, both to pursue policy objectives and promote more open governments, by providing an extensive mapping of trends, gaps and lessons learned. Finally, it highlights pioneering efforts to move towards the professionalisation of the government communication function and identifies areas for further research to support this transition.
Este estudio tiene dos objetivos. El primero es proporcionar datos abiertos y análisis, confiables y comparables sobre el alcance, la escala y la diversidad del financiamiento filantrópico doméstico en Colombia. Se estima que Colombia recibe cerca de USD 34,5 millones anuales de fundaciones internacionales, aunque cifras comparables con la financiación al interior del país no estaban disponibles. El segundo objetivo es estimar cómo la filantropía en Colombia contribuye a la igualdad de género, dado que sólo una pequeña proporción (menos del 1%) del financiamiento filantrópico mundial hacia los países en desarrollo se dirige a las necesidades de las mujeres, como la prevención de la violencia de género o el apoyo a las organizaciones de derechos de las mujeres (OCDE, 2018[3]). Colombia ha realizado importantes avances hacia la igualdad de género en los últimos años, aunque todavía persisten desafíos para las mujeres como la carga de proporcionar cuidados no remunerados, la violencia de género y el acceso a la justicia, desafíos que además son mayores para las mujeres que habitan en zonas rurales.
Health systems have to meet the changing needs of an increasingly assertive population and an ever more complex health policy context. Digitalisation, population ageing, chronic diseases, new pandemic threats, and evolving expectations of what health services should deliver – and how – have raised questions of whether health systems meet the needs and facilitate engagement of the people. Agreement is widespread that a shift towards more people-centred health systems is needed. But how this is done, and what a more people-centred health system looks like, is far less settled. The OECD Framework and Scorecard for People-Centred Health Systems identifies critical dimensions of people-centredness for health systems and benchmarks the progress countries have made towards a more people-centred approach to health. It considers the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on people-centredness, and identifies key policies – and policy challenges – to assist the development of more people-centred health systems across OECD countries.
A atenção primária à saúde tem um modelo bem organizado no Brasil, o que é resultado de compromissos contínuos com a prestação de serviços de atenção primária de alta qualidade para toda a população. Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil implementou uma série de reformas a fim de aprimorar a distribuição de médicos pelo país, o desenvolvimento de novas formas de organização de serviços, a introdução de novos modelos de financiamento e a execução de uma série de iniciativas para o aprimoramento da qualidade. Esta avaliação utiliza-se de indicadores e métodos de análise em políticas públicas para examinar o desempenho do sistema de atenção primária brasileiro, em uma perspectiva comparada reconhecida internacionalmente. Embora o estudo ressalte exemplos notáveis de sucesso, o Brasil continua a enfrentar desafios na atenção primária à medida que sua população envelhece, fatores de risco como obesidade encontram-se em ascensão e ameaças de novas pandemias demandam maior resiliência e adaptabilidade do sistema de saúde. O estudo aponta ações-chave que o Brasil deveria considerar nos próximos anos a fim de fortalecer o desempenho da atenção primária à saúde, especialmente no tocante à realização da prevenção e rastreamento das principais doenças não transmissíveis, melhoria de indicadores de qualidade do provimento da atenção primária, enfrentamento dos déficits de força de trabalho e a busca de uma transformação digital. Uma publicação adicional sobre o sistema de saúde no Brasil examina os principais desafios e abordagens necessários para aprimorar o desempenho do sistema de saúde brasileiro.
This report presents the evaluation of a digital training module (“digital aufholen!”) within the school-to-work transition programme JOBLINGE, in the German state of Hesse. The 6-months programme aims to integrate long-term unemployed and otherwise disadvantaged youth into the labour market, combining short-term training, workshops, on-the-job trial periods and individual mentorship.
Primary health care in Brazil is well-organised, the result of sustained commitment to providing high quality primary health care for the whole population. Brazil has implemented a set of reforms over the past decades to improve the distribution of doctors, develop new forms of service organisation, introduce new financing models, and implement a range of quality improvement initiatives. This review uses internationally recognised indicators and policy frameworks to examine the performance of primary health care in Brazil. While the review points to notable successes, Brazil continues to face challenges as its population ages, risk factors such as obesity are on the rise, and emerging pandemic threats require resilience and adaptability. The report points to key actions that Brazil should consider in the coming years to strengthen performance of primary health care, especially screening and prevention for major non-communicable diseases, improve quality of primary health care provision, address workforce shortages and pursue a digital transformation. A companion publication with a health system review of Brazil examines the main challenges and approaches needed to improve the performance of the Brazilian health system.
In the 30 years since the inception of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, or SUS), Brazil has reduced health inequalities, and improved coverage and access to health care. However, mobilising sufficient financing for the universal health coverage mandate of SUS has been a constant challenge, not helped by persistent inefficiencies in the use of resources in the Brazilian health system. Demographic and epidemiological changes, rising expectations from society, and the emerging needs of a post-COVID‑19 recovery period mean that continued adjustments and reforms are needed to ensure the sustainability of the health system. This review uses internationally recognised indicators and policy frameworks to examine the performance of Brazilian health system. The report points to key actions that Brazil should consider prioritising in the coming years to strengthen health system performance, especially improving efficiency and sustainability of financing, upgrading its health data infrastructure to leverage a digital transformation, and addressing major population risk factors such as overweight and harmful alcohol consumption. A companion publication with a review of primary health care in Brazil further examines the key role of primary health care to improve the performance of the Brazilian health system.
Nos 30 anos desde a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o Brasil diminuiu desigualdades em saúde e expandiu a cobertura e o acesso a serviços de saúde. No entanto, a mobilização de financiamento suficiente para garantir uma cobertura universal tem sido um desafio constante, situação essa que é agravada pelas persistentes ineficiências no uso de recursos no sistema de saúde brasileiro. Mudanças demográficas e epidemiológicas, o aumento das expectativas por parte da sociedade e as novas demandas que se apresentam para o período de recuperação pós-COVID-19 deixam claros que melhorias e reformas contínuas são necessários para fortalecer o sistema de saúde e garantir sua sustentabilidade. Este estudo utiliza-se de indicadores e métodos de análise em políticas públicas para examinar o desempenho do sistema de saúde brasileiro, em uma perspectiva comparada reconhecida internacionalmente. O relatório aponta ações-chave que o Brasil deveria considerar priorizar nos próximos anos a fim de fortalecer o desempenho de seu sistema de saúde, especialmente no tocante à melhoria da eficiência, eficácia e sustentabilidade de seu financiamento, a modernização de sua infraestrutura de dados em saúde como forma de impulsionar uma transformação digital e o enfrentamento aos principais fatores de risco à saúde da população, tais como o sobrepeso e o consumo nocivo de álcool. Uma publicação adicional sobre a atenção primária no Brasil publicado simultaneamente examina o papel central da modernização e fortalecimento da atenção primária à saúde no desempenho do sistema de saúde brasileiro.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Cyprus as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in France as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Portugal as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Finland as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Italy as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Lithuania as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in the Czech Republic as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‑19.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.