Over the Rainbow? The Road to LGBTI Inclusion
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Ensuring that LGBTI people – i.e. lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, transgender and intersex individuals – can live as who they are without being discriminated against or attacked is a concern worldwide. Discrimination against LGBTI people remains pervasive, while its cost is massive. It lowers investment in human capital due to bullying at school. It also reduces economic output by excluding LGBTI talents from the labour market and impairing their mental health, hence their productivity. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the extent to which laws in OECD countries ensure equal treatment of LGBTI people, and of the complementary policies that could help foster LGBTI inclusion. The report first identifies the legislative and regulatory frameworks in the areas of civil rights, protection against discrimination and violence, as well as health that are critical for the inclusion of sexual and gender minorities. The report then explores whether these laws are in force in OECD countries and examines the margin for further improvement. Finally, the report investigates the broader policy measures that should accompany LGBTI-inclusive laws in order to strengthen the inclusion of LGBTI people.
Are laws in OECD countries LGBTI-inclusive?
This chapter takes an in-depth look at the extent to which laws critical to LGBTI equality have been passed in OECD countries as of 30 June 2019. The chapter first elaborates on the measurement of legal LGBTI inclusivity, defined as the share of LGBTI-inclusive laws that are in force among the set of legal provisions introduced in Chapter 2. The chapter then analyses levels and trends in legal LGBTI inclusivity, OECD-wide and by country, including how legal LGBTI inclusivity relates to social acceptance of LGBTI people, gender equality and economic development. Finally, the chapter proposes a realistic country-specific sequence of next steps in order to improve legal LGBTI inclusivity, along with guidance on passing some LGBTI-inclusive laws based on good practices from OECD countries and beyond.
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