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This report acts as a descriptive guide to the experience of digital identity for individuals and a potential departure for future work to realise the opportunities offered by trusted and portable digital identity. It presents the policy and normative context for digital identity, uses of digital identity during the COVID-19 crisis and the necessary enabling conditions for successful development and adoption. This report was originally submitted to the G20 Digital Economic Task Force in July 2021.
This Compendium takes stock of the use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), fifth-generation mobile telecommunication technologies (5G), and the Internet of Things (IoT) across G20 members to sustain public service continuity and provide the basis for recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. It presents 120 practices in G20 members highlighting how governments can significantly transform themselves and make the best use of digital technologies and data to serve economies and societies better, foster international collaboration, and accelerate the development of the most successful use cases. This report was originally submitted to the G20 Digital Economic Task Force in July 2021.
As the world's premier forum for international economic co-operation, the G20 plays a critical role in helping to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Based on robust evidence and available data, this report examines how the G20's contributions to the global goals across key sectors are already making a difference, while also suggesting where it could go further in leading by example to support the global goals.
Collectively, G20 members account for around 85% of global gross domestic product, 75% of world trade and 80% of global carbon dioxide emissions – to name just a few areas of the G20's influence. This report, commissioned by the Government of Japan in support of its 2019 G20 Presidency, takes stock of the G20's progress to date against its Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
The document identifies eight priorities to help policy makers, financial service providers, consumers and other actors in the real economy to identify and address the challenges associated with ageing populations and the global increase in longevity discussed above. They reflect policies and practices to improve the outcomes of both current generations of older people and future generations.
The 2018 edition of the joint OECD, ILO, IOM & UNHCR, G20 International Migration Trends Report aims to respond to the need to monitor global displacement and migration, as well as its economic consequences, with a special focus on the skills of migrants and refugees.
The report on the G20 Survey on Agile Approaches to the Regulatory Governance of Innovation showcases ongoing efforts of G20 governments to revisit how they regulate in today’s fast-paced global innovation landscape. Survey results show that G20 members are keenly aware of the far-reaching implications of innovation in terms of both challenges and opportunities for regulatory policy and governance. In line with the OECD Recommendation on Agile Regulatory Governance to Harness Innovation, they are taking important steps in that respect. To facilitate mutual learning as well as the diffusion of good practices, the present report provides a range of examples of the measures adopted by governments in order to accommodate innovation-driven disruption while upholding fundamental rights, democratic values and the rule of law, and ensuring a sufficient level of protection for citizens and the environment.
The increasingly digital environment for financial products and services and the potential for digitalisation to support greater financial inclusion and inclusive growth, makes effective financial consumer protection more important than ever. This policy guidance focuses on areas related to the role of oversight bodies and disclosure and transparency.
Over the coming years, significant infrastructure investment will be required to sustain economic growth and improve well-being in many regions and cities. Subnational governments will have a key role to help provide this infrastructure - they are responsible for almost 60% of total public investment in G20 countries. This G20-OECD Policy Toolkit, developed with input from the Asian Development Bank, aims to support inclusive and quality infrastructure investment by subnational governments across developing, emerging and developed countries. It outlines key elements of creating an enabling environment for subnational infrastructure investment. It then details common and innovative funding sources, financing instruments and investment approaches. Rather than recommending specific instruments, it provides a ‘toolkit’ of options for policymakers and practitioners. The Policy Toolkit is supported by 23 case studies.
This report describes the levels of financial literacy of adults in G20 countries and the Netherlands and Norway, guest countries under the G20 German Presidency. The results show that there is considerable scope for improvement in levels of financial knowledge, behaviour and attitudes across G20 countries, confirming the importance of developing and sustaining a national strategy on financial education that reaches all groups of the population including young people. This is ever more urgent as the digitalisation of finance brings new opportunities and challenges to consumers, and especially to vulnerable groups.
The G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance help policy makers evaluate and improve the legal, regulatory, and institutional framework for corporate governance. They also provide guidance for stock exchanges, investors, corporations, and others that have a role in the process of developing good corporate governance. First issued in 1999, the Principles have become the international benchmark in corporate governance. They have been adopted as one of the Financial Stability Board’s Key Standards for Sound Financial Systems and endorsed by the G20.
This 2015 edition takes into account developments in both the financial and corporate sectors that may influence the efficiency and relevance of corporate governance policies and practices.
The G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance help policy makers evaluate and improve the legal, regulatory and institutional framework for corporate governance. They identify the key building blocks for a sound corporate governance framework and offer practical guidance for implementation at the national level. The Principles also provide guidance for stock exchanges, investors, corporations and others that have a role in developing good corporate governance.
The underlying data and evidence summarised in the report was collected via a questionnaire distributed in April 2021. The report considers the impact of the pandemic on financial consumers and financial inclusion, highlights measures to support financial inclusion and protect financial consumers, and identifies longer-term implications of the pandemic, lessons learnt and effective approaches to protecting and supporting consumers.
This Roadmap provides a follow-up to the 2021 report to the G20 on Developing Countries and the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS. It takes stock of progress since 2021 and sets out key priorities. It also provides a Roadmap to guide actions by interested G20 members and other stakeholders to help developing countries to maximise the benefits of multilateral engagement on international tax, and capitalise on advances in tax policy and tax administration to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.
This report is the third focused assessment of tax and development issues produced for G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors. It takes stock of progress by developing countries in the context of their engagement with the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework, an international collaboration of over 140 countries and jurisdictions working together to tackle tax avoidance, improve the coherence of international tax rules and ensure a more transparent tax environment. Building on the 2022 Roadmap on Developing Countries and International Tax, the report refines and focuses on the range of actions to be undertaken in support of developing countries’ key international tax priorities, including, in particular, the internationally agreed standards on
Country-by-Country reporting and the Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) Rules which will put in place a global minimum tax for large multinational enterprises.
The digitalisation of financial products and services, and the consequent need to strengthen digital financial literacy has become an important component of the global policy-making agenda. This guidance aims to identify and promote effective initiatives that enhance digital and financial literacy in light of the unique characteristics, advantages, and risks of digital financial services and channels.
The digitalisation of financial products and services, and the consequent need to strengthen digital financial literacy has become an important component of the global policy-making agenda. This guidance aims to identify and promote effective initiatives that enhance digital and financial literacy in light of the unique characteristics, advantages, and risks of digital financial services and channels.
The OECD prepared this report in support of the agenda of the G20 Global Partnership on Financial Inclusion (GPFI) under the G20 Italy Presidency 2021, as well as part of the work of the OECD International Network on Financial Education (OECD/INFE). It analyses the relationship between MSMEs’ financial literacy, digitalisation and impact of the COVID-19 crisis. The report relies on a dedicated data collection exercise promoted by the G20 Italy Presidency in 2021, using the OECD/INFE 2020 survey instrument to measure the financial literacy of MSMEs. Fourteen G20 and non-G20 members participated in the data collection on a voluntary basis, including the following G20 countries: Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey; and the following non-G20 countries: Georgia, the Netherlands, Peru, Portugal, Spain. The report reflects inputs and guidance from GPFI member countries and members of the OECD/INFE.
This report discusses the concept of financial resilience and its relationship with financial inclusion, financial literacy and financial well-being. It offers a wide range of case studies looking at the role of digital financial education initiatives addressing financial resilience and vulnerability. It proposes set of effective approaches describing how the digital financial education programmes can support individual financial resilience and long-term well-being. The effective approaches complement the provisions of the OECD Council Recommendation on Financial Literacy, which was welcomed by G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors on 9-10 July 2021. The effective approaches and lessons learnt presented in this report have provided input for the development of the G20 Menu of Policy Options for digital financial literacy and financial consumer and MSME protection “Enhancing digital financial inclusion beyond the COVID-19 crisis” developed by the GPFI. This report was prepared in support of the agenda of the G20 Global Partnership on Financial Inclusion (GPFI) under the G20 Italy Presidency 2021, as well as part of the work of the OECD International Network on Financial Education (OECD/INFE). The report reflects inputs and guidance from GPFI member countries, Implementing Partners, Affiliated Partners and other key stakeholders, and particularly members of the OECD/INFE, via an extensive consultation process.
This is the first G7 Gender Equality Implementation Report, prepared under the 2023 Japanese G7 Presidency at the request of G7 Leaders and in consultation with G7 members, as part of the G7 Monitoring and Accountability Mechanism (MAM) (Elmau 2022).
The report presents good practices and progress made by the G7 in meeting commitments related to gender equality made during G7 Presidencies since 2017. The report aims to inform future G7 decision-making on gender equality. The report provides an overview of efforts to promote family-friendly policies; reduce gender pay gaps and improve women’s leadership in public and private sectors; promote women’s entrepreneurship; and foster women’s participation in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). The report also discusses efforts to address gender-based violence, as well as policies targeted at global challenges, including supporting gender equality in conflict and fragile settings.
In May 2023, G7 Leaders identified topics for discussion in the Hiroshima Artificial Intelligence (AI) Process and called for an early stocktaking of opportunities and challenges related to generative AI. This report presents the results of a questionnaire to G7 members developed to support the stocktaking and help guide G7 discussions on common policy priorities about generative AI. It also provides a brief overview of the development of generative AI over time and across countries. The report and questionnaire results represent a snapshot in time: they are indicative of trends identified in the first half of 2023 in a rapidly evolving area of technology. The report helped inform and structure discussions of the G7 Hiroshima AI Process.