Browse by: "2019"

Ce rapport présente les estimations des volumes annuels de financement climatique fournis et mobilisés par les pays développés pour 2013-2017. Ces estimations incluent les finances publiques bilatérales et multilatérales, les crédits à l'exportation et les financements privés mobilisés. Le cadre comptable sous-jacent est conforme à celui utilisé par l'OCDE en 2015 pour produire des estimations du financement climatique pour les années 2013-2014, ainsi qu'à celui utilisé en 2016 pour produire des projections de financement climatique 2020. Il est également cohérent avec les résultats de la COP24 de la CCNUCC sur les modalités de comptabilisation des ressources financières fournies et mobilisées grâce aux interventions publiques.

Цель данного отчета – содействовать развитию хорошей системы экономического регулирования (СЭР) водоснабжения и водоотведения (ВСиВО) в Республике Молдова (далее кратко – Молдова). Действующая отраслевая политика требует значительной модернизации, оптимизации и развития ВСиВО, повышений эффективности эксплуатации (сокращения доли воды, которая не приносит дохода, и численности персонала на тысячу абонентов и т.д.) – в соответствии с международными и отечественными обязательствами страны (включая Соглашение об ассоциации с ЕС, Цели устойчивого развития, Парижское соглашение по климату и национальную стратегию по водоснабжению и водоотведению). В отчете предложены пути и средства усиления способности правительства Молдовы обеспечить надлежащее регулирование сектора и способности операторов достичь более высоких стандартов предоставления услуг ВСиВО при обеспечении их ценовой доступности. Такие изменения не могут произойти за ночь, они потребуют системы экономического регулирования, способствующей ценовой доступности ВСиВО, полному покрытию затрат операторов и обслуживанию долга, а также движению по реалистичному пути улучшения показателей деятельности организаций водоснабжения и водоотведения.

Governments and providers of development co-operation increasingly use Sustainable Development Goal indicators to guide their policies and practices. The close examination of three large recipients of development co-operation: Ethiopia, Kenya and Myanmar across the sectors of Education, Sanitation and Energy reveals four inter-related challenges in using SDG indicators at country level. First, the cost of using specific SDG indicators varies in relation to indicator complexity – complementary investments in country statistical systems may be necessary. Second, providers synchronising their country-level results planning with partner countries find it easier to align to and measure SDG indicators together with the partner country and other providers. Third, reliance on joint monitoring approaches is helping providers reduce the cost of SDG monitoring. Finally, while disaggregating SDG data by gender and by urban-rural dimensions is common, other data disaggregation relevant to ensure that no one is left behind are rare.

This 57th edition of the Development Co-operation Report is intended to align development co-operation with today's most urgent global priorities, from the rising threat of climate change to the flagging response to the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda. The report provides OECD members and other development actors with evidence, analysis and examples that will help them to reinvigorate public and political debates at home and build momentum for the global solutions that today's challenges demand. It concludes with a Call to Action for a change in course for development co-operation in the 21st century. The report also includes annual “development co-operation at a glance” data for over 80 providers of development co-operation including members of the OECD, the Development Assistance Committee, other countries and philanthropic foundations. These profiles complement Development Co-operation Profiles 2019 web books.

Cette 57e édition du rapport analyse les enjeux de l’articulation de la coopération pour le développement avec les priorités mondiales les plus urgentes, comme la lutte contre le changement climatique ou les conséquences de la trop lente mise en oeuvre du Programme 2030 pour les Objectifs de développement durable. Le rapport propose aux membres de l’OCDE et aux autres acteurs du développement des données, des analyses et des exemples pour les aider à redynamiser le débat public au niveau national, et porter au moyen d’une coopération renouvelée les solutions dont le monde a besoin. Enfin, il appelle à un changement de cap pour la coopération au développement au vingt-et-unième siècle. Il comprend également un panorama actualisé de la coopération pour le développement, étayé par les données de plus de 80 fournisseurs, membres de l’OCDE et du Comité d'aide au développement, mais aussi d’autres pays ou encore des fondations philanthropiques. Ce rapport est complémentaire aux web books : Les profils de coopération au développement.

Le document décrit le processus de révision mené en 2018-19 par le Réseau du CAD de l'OCDE sur l’évaluation du développement (EvalNet) concernant les définitions et l’utilisation de critères d’évaluation de l’OCDE/CAD. Il présente les définitions révisées des critères de pertinence, d’efficacité, d’efficience, d’impact et de viabilité, et propose un nouveau critère de cohérence. Il décrit également la manière d’utiliser ces critères de façon réfléchie et de les adapter au contexte de l’intervention de développement ainsi qu’aux besoins des utilisateurs visés. Ces définitions et principes d'utilisation révisés sont le résultat d'une vaste consultation globale sur les critères et d'un examen de la façon dont ils sont utilisés. À la suite de la consultation, les membres d'EvalNet et des experts externes en évaluation ont discuté en profondeur les concepts et examiné plusieurs versions. Les définitions révisées sont plus claires et permettront une analyse plus rigoureuse et nuancée, y compris des questions d'équité et des synergies, conformément aux priorités politiques actuelles. Cette révision appui à l’utilisation avec l’ajout d’une introduction sur la vocation des critères et de principes directeurs pour faciliter l’utilisation. Des orientations détaillées sur l’application de ces critères seront fournies dans un document distinct après adoption (à venir).

This document describes how the OECD DAC Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) revisited the definitions and use of the OECD DAC evaluation criteria in 2018-2019. The document lays out adapted definitions for relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability, and for one new criterion, coherence. The document describes how the criteria should be used thoughtfully, and adjusted to the context of the intervention and the intended users’ needs. These revised definitions and principles for use are the result of a global consultation on the criteria and a review of how they are used in evaluation and beyond. Following the consultation, members of EvalNet and outside evaluation experts discussed the concepts in depth and reviewed several drafts. The adapted definitions are clearer and will support more rigorous, nuanced analysis, including of equity issues and synergies, in line with current policy priorities. This adaptation also addresses confusion, by adding an introduction on the intended purpose of the criteria and guiding principles for use. Detailed guidance on the application of the criteria is to be provided separately, after adoption.

This report updates the data published in the 2015 OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators to present a summary of the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries as of end-2015. It also includes new and innovative material to further strengthen its relevance as a reference document. In particular, the four thematic chapters each cover a targeted set of indicators for which data coverage is generally more consistent across time in OECD countries and that capture the main pressures agriculture exerts on the environment. The thematic chapters cover the following areas: the interlinked issues of land use, pesticides and farmland birds; ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, the main air pollutants from agricultural activities; nitrogen and phosphorus balances, two indicators that signal air and water pollution; and water use and irrigation in agriculture.

Climate change is altering the ecological and social systems that underpin human well-being and economic activity, and developing countries are particularly vulnerable to its impact on the growth and sustainable development prospects of every sector and community. Being part of the solution requires all providers of development co-operation to align their activities with the objectives of the Paris Agreement. However many still lack the mandates, resources, incentives and strategies to do so. This report outlines how providers can make changes at home, in developing countries and in the international development co-operation system, to help create low-emissions, climate-resilient economies, and how they can avoid supporting activities that lock the world into an unsustainable future.

Transforming natural finite assets into human, social and physical capital is a key challenge for natural resource-rich countries. This report distils related lessons from the OECD Policy Dialogue on Natural Resource-based Development on natural resource revenue management and spending for sustainable development. This includes a guide on how natural resource-rich countries can ensure budget sustainability to support consistent spending over time. Further analysis focuses on the management of spending versus saving and the effectiveness of different spending mechanisms for sustainable development, making recommendations to address current challenges.

Der Handel mit mineralischen Rohstoffen sowie Investitionen in diese Ressourcen bieten ein großes Potenzial zur Generierung von Einkommen, Wachstum und Wohlstand, zur Existenzsicherung und lokalen Entwicklungsförderung. Allerdings finden sich diese Bodenschätze zu weiten Teilen in Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten, wo sie in großem Umfang abgebaut werden. Dies kann direkt oder indirekt zu bewaffneten Konflikten und schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen führen und die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung beeinträchtigen. Der OECD-Leitfaden für die Erfüllung der Sorgfaltspflicht zur Förderung verantwortungsvoller Lieferketten für Minerale aus Konflikt- und Hochrisikogebieten enthält offiziell unterstützte Empfehlungen, mit denen Firmen Schritt für Schritt zu einem verantwortungsvollen globalen Lieferkettenmanagement für alle Mineralien angeleitet werden, damit sie die Menschenrechte achten und durch ihre Entscheidungen und Praktiken beim Einkauf von Mineralien oder Metallen keinen Beitrag zu Konflikten leisten. Dieser Leitfaden kann von allen Unternehmen angewandt werden, die Mineralien oder Metalle jedweder Art aus Konflikt- bzw. Hochrisikogebieten beziehen könnten. Ziel ist die Schaffung transparenter, konfliktfreier Lieferketten und ein nachhaltiges unternehmerisches Engagement im Bereich der mineralischen Rohstoffe.

This volume compiles the consensus documents developed by the OECD Working Group for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds from 2015 to 2019. It deals with the composition of common bean, rice, cowpea and apple, four important crops for agriculture and food consumption worldwide. The science-based information collated here is intended for use during the regulatory assessment of food/feed products derived from modern biotechnology, i.e. issued from transgenic plants. Compositional considerations are provided for each species, including tables detailing the key nutrients, anti-nutrients, possible toxicants, allergens and other metabolites contained in the products. This essential information and solid data can be used in the comparative approach as part of the novel food/feed safety assessment. It should be of value to crop breeders and applicants for commercial uses of novel foods and feeds, to regulators and risk assessors in national authorities, as well as the wider scientific community. More information can be found at BioTrack Online.

This report examines land-use trends, policies and practices in Korea, in particular in the city of Busan, through the lens of urban regeneration and citizen participation. Land-use planning is critical for the efficient and inclusive management of cities, pursuing sustainable and balanced development and improving quality of life and regional competitiveness. Korea has benefitted from comprehensive and well-structured, hierarchical land-use planning and urban regeneration frameworks. However, faced with a series of demographic and economic challenges, together with geographic factors and historical developments, Korea needs to re-evaluate land-use management and urban regeneration to leverage inclusive growth and boost competitiveness in Korean cities. This report argues that involving citizens in land-use planning and urban regeneration is essential to collect better quality information as a basis for plans, decisions and outcomes. This report is of relevant to urban planners, land use especialists, and city managers who work on urban regeneration projects and citizens’ participation.

ایـن پالیسـی هـای پیشـنهادی جهـت تقویـت انکشـاف سـکتور خصوصـی در افغانسـتان را در همـکاری نزدیـک بـا دولـت، سـکتور خصوصـی و همـکاران بیـن المللـی تهیه نموده اسـت. ایـن گـزارش کار سـازمان در این راسـتا را خلصـه نموده و مشـکلت موجـوده فرا راه تشـبثات را تحلیل میکند، این مشـکلت مشـمول موضوعات ماننـد دسترسـی بـه منابـع مالی، پرداخـت مالیات و یا دسترسـی به خدمات عامه میباشـد. این گزارش سـه دسـته از اقدامـات را مشـخص میسـازد: )1( اقدامـات جهـت تشـویق تشـبثات بـرای رسـمی شـدن بـا تقویـت نهـاد هـا و ارائـه پـاداش هـا. )2( اقدامـات بـرای افزایش دسترسـی تشـبثات به منابـع مالی جهت رشـد شـان، )3( راه های حـل دیجیتالـی جهت بهبود بخشـی خدمـات عامه برای تشـبثات، بالخصوص با اسـتفاده از پایگاه هـای تلیفونی.