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This publication demonstrates that natural resources can contribute to growth, employment, exports and fiscal revenues in low-income countries, where natural capital constitutes a quarter of total wealth. It highlights the importance of policies encouraging the sustainable management of these resources. Moreover, it emphasises the need to address the political challenges of natural-resource management for long-term pro-poor economic growth. Part I provides an overview of the economics and politics of natural resources. It describes the unique features of natural resources and resulting management challenges, the role of sustainable natural resource management in supporting pro-poor growth, and the politics and governance of natural resources. It then offers recommendations for policy makers on how to support the approaches advocated in the paper. Part II examines these issues with respect to seven specific natural-resource sectors: fisheries, forests, wildlife and ecotourism, soil productivity, water security, minerals and renewable energy.
The OECD Global Forum on International Investment, at its inaugural meeting in Mexico City in November 2001, provided a unique platform for participants originating from OECD and non-OECD economies, representing academia, business and labour, and civil society to address the challenges posed by FDI. These selected conference papers add to the existing literature on FDI. They highlight the principal conclusions, include analyses of recent FDI trends and prospects, and discuss ways of maximising the benefits of FDI for development. The papers also examine lessons learned in OECD and non-OECD economies, governments’ responsibilities in FDI policies, corporate responsibility initiatives and the role of multilateral organisations in capacity building for FDI in host countries.
Increasingly, philanthropic donors are moving from supporting specific projects to providing untied general support to their grantees. In response to the shift, this report sheds light on flexible financing – the practice of providing grantees unearmarked funding. It examines “trust-based philanthropy” to better understand both advocacy for, and scepticism towards, this approach. In so doing, it highlights the need for an empirical understanding of financing practices in philanthropy. The report focuses on one form of flexible financing: core budget support. It assesses the advantages and disadvantages of this approach for both philanthropic funders and grantees. To that end, it explores both the dynamics of grant-making as a contract and the implications of flexible funding on different types of grantees. Research is based on evidence from the OECD database on Private Philanthropy for Development. It looks at flexible funding from more than 180 private philanthropic donors from 32 countries, and historical yearly giving from 20 large foundations. Based on these data, it analyses the factors that influence philanthropic financing, using Bayesian statistics.
As Normas de Qualidade do CAD para a Avaliação do Desenvolvimento são um guia de referência para as boas práticas na avaliação do desenvolvimento, tendo por base um amplo processo de consulta internacional. Tendo em vista melhorar a qualidade dos processos e produtos da avaliação, e facilitar a colaboração, este guia de referência define normas para cada fase de um processo típico de avaliação: desde a definição dos objectivos ao planeamento, design, implementação, elaboração do relatório e aprendizagem a partir dos resultados da avaliação.