1887
/search?value51=igo%2Foecd&value6=&value5=&value53=status%2F50+OR+status%2F100+OR+status%2F90&value52=&value7=&value2=&option7=&value4=subtype%2Farticle+OR+subtype%2Fworkingpaper+OR+subtype%2Fpolicybrief&option5=&value3=&option6=&fmt=ahah&publisherId=%2Fcontent%2Figo%2Foecd&option3=&option52=&option4=dcterms_type&option53=pub_contentStatus&option51=pub_igoId&option2=&page=617&page=617

L’introduction au Chili, au début des années 80, d’un régime de retraite privé reposant sur des comptes d’épargne retraite individuels, a attiré l’attention du monde entier. Cette réforme – ainsi que d’autres changements structurels favorisant les mécanismes du marché – et la nette amélioration des résultats de l’économie chilienne ont conduit de nombreux observateurs à conclure qu’il existait un lien direct entre tous ces facteurs, compte tenu notamment de l’augmentation de l’épargne intérieure des ménages générée par ce nouveau régime de retraite.

Anglais

Cette étude porte sur un certain nombre de problèmes conceptuels et pratiques liés à l’utilisation des chèques-service dans la fourniture de services collectifs. La section 1 propose une définition des chèques-service et examine la place qu’occupe la formule des chèques-service dans l’éventail des mécanismes susceptibles d’assurer la production et la distribution de services collectifs, ce qui conduit à analyser les objectifs auxquels pourrait servir la distribution de chèques-service. La section 2 présente une classification des contextes où les chèques-service pourraient être mis en oeuvre et des systèmes de chèques-service. Elle permet de procéder à un premier croisement entre d’une part des combinaisons d’objectifs publics et de caractéristiques d’un service collectif déterminé, et d’autre part diverses formes de distribution de chèques-service. La section 3 présente à titre d’illustration un tableau de l’utilisation des chèques-service dans la fourniture de services collectifs. Un grand nombre d’exemples commentés ressortent du domaine de l’éducation, domaine où les chèques-service ont été particulièrement débattus ou mis en oeuvre, mais on a fait référence, lorsqu’ils existaient, à d’autres cas de services collectifs. Ajoutons que je m’appuie à titre principal sur les expériences du Royaume-Uni et des États-Unis, puisqu’elles ont été particulièrement bien analysées dans les documents dont je disposais. Les conclusions figurent dans la section 4.

Anglais

The introduction in the early 1980s of a privately managed pension system in Chile, based on individual capital accounts, has attracted world-wide attention. This reform – as well as other market oriented structural changes – and the significant improvement in Chilean economic performance has led many observers to conclude a direct link, especially through the rise in private domestic savings generated through the new pension system.

Français

This paper is concerned with a number of conceptual and practical issues associated with the use of vouchers to distribute public services. Section 1 proposes a definition of vouchers and considers the position which voucher distribution occupies in the spectrum of possible mechanisms for the production and distribution of public services; this leads into a discussion of the objectives which voucher distribution might promote. Section 2 classifies the contexts in which vouchers might be applied and types of voucher systems. This permits a preliminary mapping of combinations of policy objectives and characteristics of the public service in question onto alternative forms of voucher distribution. Section 3 provides an illustrative review of the use of vouchers in the distribution of public services. Many of the examples discussed are in the field of education, where discussion of or use of vouchers is most developed, but experience of other public services is included where it is available. Section 4 contains conclusions.

Français

The traditional role of the central budget office is incompatible with the management reforms enfolding in various OECD Member countries. These reforms are grounded on the principle that managers must be permitted to run their operations without undue outside interference. The logic of reform is that only when managers are free to use money and other organisational resources within agreed budgets can they be responsible for the organisation’s successes or failures. In countries where a culture of reform has taken hold, there is consensus that halfway measures do not suffice, that managers either are free to act or are not. It is not a matter of relaxing one or another restriction, but of reshaping the operations of public institutions and the behaviour of those who work in them. The budget process is one of the main arenas in which the machinery of government is undergoing fundamental transformation.

Français
This paper seeks to outline the thinking behind a proposal contained in a recently released discussion paper by the Business Council of Australia (BCA). The BCA is Australia’s leading business body. It comprises the chief executive officers of most of Australia’s largest companies. The BCA’s paper was entitled Avoiding boom/bust: macroeconomic reform for a globalised economy (1999). A major section of the paper was devoted to exploring the idea of “re-engineering” fiscal policy.
Français

From enjoying the largest budget surpluses of any OECD Member country in the late 1980s, Sweden went into having the largest budget deficits of any OECD Member country in the early 1990s, which were accompanied by a massive increase in government debt. In a span of just five years, the level of debt had nearly doubled. However, by the late 1990s, the budget had been brought back to balance and Sweden is now enjoying significant surpluses again.

Français
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error