Browse by: "2015"

Transport accounts for nearly a quarter of carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion. The price attached to these emissions is critical to climate policies and emissions mitigation efforts in the sector. As the impact of emissions on climate does not depend on where CO2 is released, the price of carbon should be uniform. In reality, however, it varies immensely, reflecting the complexity of assessing climate impacts.
This report reviews the three key challenges in considering the effects of carbon dioxide emissions in economic appraisal: the valuation of carbon dioxide emissions, the treatment of uncertainty in climate change and the approach used to discounting future costs and benefits. The report reviews current approaches in selected countries (France, Germany, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States) and provides examples of good practice and recommendations for national and international policy making.

The IRTAD Road Safety Annual Report 2015 provides an overview for road safety performance for 2013 in 38 countries, with preliminary data for 2014, and detailed reports for each country. It includes tables with cross country comparisons on key safety indicators.

The report outlines the most recent safety data in IRTAD countries, including detailed analysis by road user, age group and type of road. It describes the crash data collection process in IRTAD countries, the road safety strategies and targets in place and information on recent trends in speeding, drink-driving and other aspects of road user behaviour.

This report produced in co-operation with the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Transport Forum (ITF) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) identifies the misalignments between climate change objectives and policy and regulatory frameworks across a range of policy domains (investment, taxation, innovation and skills, trade, and adaptation) and activities at the heart of climate policy (electricity, urban mobility and rural land use).

Outside of countries’ core climate policies, many of the regulatory features of today’s economies have been built around the availability of fossil fuels and without any regard for the greenhouse gas emissions stemming from human activities. This report makes a diagnosis of these contradictions and points to means of solving them to support a more effective transition of all countries to a low-carbon economy.

Les projets portuaires à grande échelle ont des effets irréversibles en termes d’affectation des sols et des impacts multiples sur les économies et les communautés locales. Ils agissent sur la façon dont les économies régionales et nationales opèrent ensemble, avec des impacts majeurs sur les systèmes de transports régionaux. La planification des ports est mieux conduite lorsque ces impacts conséquents sont examinés dans le cadre d’une stratégie nationale de développement du transport de marchandises et de la logistique. L’investissement privé dans les terminaux portuaires est également facilité par le degré de certitude engendré par une telle stratégie.

Ce rapport examine les questions qui doivent être prises en considération avant toute décision d’extension coûteuse, à long terme et à influences structurelles sur les économies locales et nationales. Ce rapport bénéficie d’une étude de cas du Chili où les projets d’une extension majeure de la capacité portuaire dans la partie centrale du pays sont bien avancés. Le Chili fournit précisément les informations transposables en matière d’examen des facteurs critiques d’une décision en faveur d’investissements portuaires pour les conteneurs : prévisions de la demande, changements dans les lignes de transport maritimes, capacités de transports terrestres, concurrence entre terminaux à conteneurs et cadre pour le financement des investissements.

Large-scale port projects have irreversible effects on land use and multiple impacts on the local economy and local community. They affect the way that the regional and national economy operates as a whole, with major impacts on regional transport systems. Port planners make better decisions when these broad impacts are examined as part of the development of a national freight transport and logistics strategy. Private investment in port terminals is also facilitated by the certainty engendered by development of a national freight transport and logistics strategy.

This report examines the issues that need to be considered before the decision to proceed to costly expansions with long-life spans and a structural influence on the local and national economy. The report benefits from a case study of Chile, where plans for a major expansion of port capacity in the central part of the country are well advanced. Chile provides the detail for an examination of factors critical to decisions on container port investments anywhere: demand forecasts, change in liner shipping markets, hinterland transport capacity, competition between container terminals, and the framework for financing of investment.

Les Perspectives Transport FIT examine l'évolution des volumes de transport mondiaux et les émissions de CO2 associées et impacts sur la santé jusqu'à 2050. Il examine les facteurs qui peuvent influer sur l'offre et la demande de services de transport et se concentre sur des scénarios illustrant les voies supérieures et inférieures potentiels, discuter de leur pertinence pour la politique décision.

Cette édition présente un aperçu des scénarios à long terme pour le développement des volumes de transport de passagers et de fret mondiaux, en mettant l'accent sur les changements dans les flux commerciaux mondiaux et les conséquences de l'urbanisation rapide. Il se concentre sur les caractéristiques du développement de la mobilité dans les pays en développement, de l'Amérique latine vers les villes chinoises et indiennes, soulignant l'importance des politiques de mobilité urbaine pour la réalisation des objectifs nationaux et mondiaux de développement durable.

The ITF Transport Outlook examines the development of global transport volumes and related CO2 emissions and health impacts through to 2050. It examines factors that can affect supply and demand for transport services and focuses on scenarios illustrating potential upper and lower pathways, discussing their relevance to policy making.

This edition presents an overview of long-run scenarios for the development of global passenger and freight transport volumes, with emphasis on changes in global trade flows and the consequences of rapid urbanisation. It focuses on the characteristics of mobility development in developing countries, from Latin America to Chinese and Indian cities, highlighting the importance of urban mobility policies for the achievement of national and global sustainability goals.