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Well-funded public transport services that provide easy access for all citizens to the opportunities they seek are essential to decarbonising transport, making our cities more liveable, and connecting people living in rural areas. This report aims to help governments meet the challenge of funding public transport sustainably and equitably. It recommends revisiting investment allocations, moving away from a road focus, and ensuring the efficiency of public transport services. Governments must also optimise the contributions of users, indirect beneficiaries of public transport (including landowners and businesses) and the public sector.
In an era defined by the urgent climate crisis, unpredictable weather patterns and increasingly frequent natural disasters, ensuring infrastructure resilience to such events is paramount. This report discusses ways of enhancing government capacities to prevent, react and rebuild, thereby minimising the impact of natural disasters on infrastructure assets and operations. It identifies data, collaboration and technologies as drivers of resilience, and highlights financial resources, technical skills and regulatory frameworks as key enablers. The report presents seven actionable principles to ensure infrastructure resilience, drawing from global good practices and in-depth analyses of infrastructure projects in Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mozambique and the United States.
L’objet de cette nouvelle édition des Perspectives des transports du FIT est d’étudier comment la demande de transport et les émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO₂) évolueront à l’échelle mondiale d’ici 2050 en fonction des mesures mises en œuvre. L’analyse porte sur l’activité de transport de personnes et de marchandises, tous modes confondus, et sur trois problématiques en particulier : les politiques de transport destinées à rendre les villes plus vivables ; les décisions relatives aux investissements dans les infrastructures selon différents scénarios d’action ; et la disparité régionale des incidences de l’action publique.
Cette étude de l’évolution future des transports repose sur deux scénarios d’action élaborés à l’aide des modèles du FIT. Le scénario d’ambitions inchangées repose sur l’hypothèse du maintien de la trajectoire actuelle en matière de politique de décarbonation des transports et décrit les conséquences à en attendre pour les trente prochaines années, notamment sur la demande de transport et le niveau des émissions de CO₂. Le scénario d’ambitions élevées, en revanche, montre les incidences à prévoir de politiques de nature à accélérer la décarbonation du secteur des transports.
The transport sector currently faces a number of disruptions related to geopolitics, climate change and energy security. Transport system resilience refers to the sector’s capacity to deal with, adapt to and recover from such disruptions. This report sets out the main disruptions to transport systems worldwide. It explores ways to reduce uncertainty by assessing vulnerabilities, and the main mitigation and adaptation measures required to ensure transport systems function in times of crisis.
Urban logistics are fundamental to city life. However, freight transport is responsible for around half of local air pollutants in cities and generates congestion and other emissions. Moreover, urban logistics involves more than just e-commerce. Recent trends in goods distribution, reverse logistics, the emergence of dark kitchens and dark stores, and growing regulatory demands, have made logistics more complex. The dual trend of logistics returning to the city and growing demand for larger sub-urban warehouses must also be considered. This report provides targeted advice to policy makers on proactive measures to manage the complexities of urban logistics and facilitate the uptake and success of urban logistics hubs.
Across the world, people’s daily activities centre around clusters of population and economic activity. Settlements – cities, towns and villages – provide jobs and access to services for their own residents and others nearby. The quality of access to those services is key to promoting vibrant, inclusive and happier communities.
However, access is not always uniformly distributed within countries, with metropolitan areas typically outperforming rural areas. This report looks at the interaction between geography and access to services. It considers three main factors: (1) The size of settlements; (2) Accessibility – the travel time associated with accessing settlements via car and public transport modes; and (3) Services – public and private services that are available and accessible across a variety of domains including health, finance and education.
Numerous policy interventions hinge on improving service accessibility. Understanding the complex interactions between geography, transportation infrastructure, and service provision is essential for regional development policies and in particular for those regions facing population decline.
Well-funded public transport services that provide easy access for all citizens to the opportunities they seek are essential to decarbonising transport, making our cities more liveable, and connecting people living in rural areas. This report aims to help governments meet the challenge of funding public transport sustainably and equitably. It recommends revisiting investment allocations, moving away from a road focus, and ensuring the efficiency of public transport services. Governments must also optimise the contributions of users, indirect beneficiaries of public transport (including landowners and businesses) and the public sector.
The 2024 edition of OECD Tourism Trends and Policies analyses the latest tourism performance and policy trends across 50 OECD countries and partner economies. It takes stock of the tourism economy’s recovery post-pandemic and highlights the need for co-ordinated, forward-looking policies, as challenges remain to build momentum for a more resilient, sustainable and inclusive future for the sector. Evidence on the significance of the tourism economy is presented, with data covering domestic, inbound, and outbound tourism, enterprises and employment, and internal tourism consumption. Tourism policy priorities, reforms and developments are analysed, and examples of country practices highlighted. Thematic chapters provide insights on strengthening the tourism workforce and building the evidence base for sustainable tourism policies.
L’édition 2024 des Tendances et politiques du tourisme de l’OCDE analyse les dernières performances touristiques et tendances politiques dans 50 pays de l’OCDE et économies partenaires. Cette édition fait le point sur la reprise de l’économie touristique après la pandémie et souligne la nécessité de politiques coordonnées et tournées vers l’avenir, à l’heure où les défis pour créer un élan en faveur d’un avenir plus résilient, durable et inclusif pour le secteur demeurent. Des données sur l’importance de l’économie touristique sont présentées, avec des données couvrant le tourisme intérieur, entrant et sortant, les entreprises et l’emploi, et la consommation du tourisme interne. Les priorités, réformes et développements de la politique du tourisme sont analysés, et des exemples de pratiques nationales sont mis en évidence. Les chapitres thématiques fournissent des informations sur le renforcement de la main-d’œuvre dans le secteur du tourisme et la création d’une base de données factuelles pour les politiques du tourisme durable.