1887
/search?value51=igo%2Foecd&value6=&value5=&value53=status%2F50+OR+status%2F100&value52=theme%2Foecd-42&value7=&value2=&option7=&option60=dcterms_type&value4=subtype%2Freport+OR+subtype%2Fbook+OR+subtype%2FissueWithIsbn&value60=subtype%2Fbookseries&option5=&value3=&option6=&fmt=ahah&publisherId=%2Fcontent%2Figo%2Foecd&option3=&option52=pub_themeId&option4=dcterms_type&option53=pub_contentStatus&option51=pub_igoId&option2=&page=25&page=25&operator60=NOT
  • 20 May 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 226

Small firms are playing an ever-increasing role in innovation, driven by changes in technologies and markets. Some spin-offs and high growth firms are having remarkable success. However, the broad bulk of small firms are not capitalising on their advantages. This book explores how government policy can boost innovation by improving the environment for entrepreneurship and small firm development and increasing the innovative capacities of enterprises. Policy findings and recommendations are presented in three key areas: embedding firms in knowledge flows; developing entrepreneurship skills; and social entrepreneurship.  In addition, country notes present statistics and policy data on SMEs, entrepreneurship and innovation for 40 economies, including OECD countries, Brazil, China, Estonia, Indonesia, Israel, the Russian Federation, Slovenia and South Africa.

SMEs, Entrepreneurship and Innovation is part of the OECD Innovation Strategy, a comprehensive policy strategy to harness innovation for stronger and more sustainable growth and development, and to address the key global challenges of the 21st century.

Le monde est confronté à des défis planétaires majeurs. Les économies traversent la crise économique la plus sévère depuis la Grande Dépression. La concurrence internationale exercée par de nouveaux acteurs érode l’avance que possèdent, en matière de bien-être, les économies mieux établies. Les pressions environnementales remettent en question la pérennité de nos modèles de développement et vont continuer de se faire sentir dans les prochaines décennies.

Cette neuvième édition du Science, technologie et industrie : tableau de bord de l’OCDE apporte l’information statistiquenécessaire pour définir une réponse à ces défis mondiaux. Comment les pays relèvent-ils ces défis individuellement ? Quelles sont les approches qui donnent des résultats ? Quels sont les effets de la crise sur l’innovation ? Comment l’innovation peut-elle aider à contrer les menaces environnementales et sociales ?

Le Tableau de bord STI 2009 de l’OCDE illustre et analyse un large éventail d’indicateurs de la science, de la technologie, de la mondialisation et de la performance industrielle dans les pays de l’OCDE et dans de grands pays non membres (notamment le Brésil, la Fédération de Russie, l’Inde, l’Indonésie, la Chine et l’Afrique du Sud). Il contient les chiffres les plus récents sur la recherche-développement (R‑D), l’investissement direct étranger, le capital-risque et le commerce lié à la technologie.

Les indicateurs sont organisés autour de cinq questions clés :

  • répondre à la crise économique,
  • cibler de nouveaux domaines de croissance,
  • soutenir la concurrence dans l’économie mondiale,
  • participer à la recherche mondiale,
  • investir dans l’économie de la connaissance.

Proposant une série complète d’indicateurs pour l’analyse des politiques, le Tableau de bord STI 2009 de l’OCDE est devenu un ouvrage de référence largement utilisé qui associe rigueur statistique, accessibilité et lisibilité. Les données essentielles sont mises en évidence par une présentation attrayante accompagnée de graphiques illustrant les performances des pays les uns par rapport aux autres. De brèves notes techniques fournissent en outre un complément méthodologique sur les indicateurs, ainsi que des liens vers des références et des sources de données utiles.

Également disponible en ligne, le Tableau de bord STI 2009 de l’OCDE permet d’accéder facilement aux indicateurs et aux feuilles de calcul Excel® contenant les données utilisées dans les graphiques.

English
The international symposium entitled “Opportunities and Challenges in the
Emerging Field of Synthetic Biology” was held in July 2009 in Washington, DC
under the auspices of the United States National Academies, the Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Royal Society.
  • 31 Mar 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 378

Chapitre 1. Principales tendances
Chapitre 2. Évolutions récentes des politiques en matière de télécommunications
Chapitre 3. La taille du marché des télécommunications
Chapitre 4. Dimensions et évolution du réseau
Chapitre 5. L’infrastructure de l’Internet
Chapitre 6. Radiodiffusion
Chapitre 7. Aperçu général des tarifs
Chapitre 8. Les échanges d’équipements et de services de télécommunication

Pour plus d’informations à propos des Perspectives des communications de l’OCDE, voir : www.oecd.org/sti/telecoms/perspectives .

English

La movilidad internacional de trabajadores altamente cualificados va en aumento en escala y en complejidad en tanto más economías participan en actividades de innovación e I+D. El talento en movimiento difunde internacionalmente el conocimiento tanto de manera directa como indirecta. Esto puede impulsar el desempeño de la innovación en el mundo con beneficios mutuos tanto para los países emisores como para los países receptores. Es claro que la movilidad conduce a un aumento en el nivel de la internacionalización e integración del mercado de trabajo, y la competencia por el talento está ahora influenciando iniciativas de políticas de innovación en el mundo. La mayoría de los países ofrecen una gama de políticas centradas en apoyar y motivar la movilidad, aunque pocos cuentan con una estrategia de movilidad específica y coherente. Muchas naciones buscan atraer al mismo grupo de personas altamente cualificadas; por consiguiente depender de los flujos internacionales para cubrir vacíos actuales o futuros en el abasto de talento implica riesgos. Son retos clave para los países atender las limitaciones de las políticas nacionales que podrían limitar la disponibilidad local de trabajadores cualificados, y asegurar un entorno más propicio y sólido para la innovación y el esfuerzo científico.

French, English
Using data from PISA 2006, this book analyzes to what extent investments in technology enhance educational outcomes. One of the most striking findings of this study is that the digital divide in education goes beyond the issue of access to technology. A new second form of digital divide has been identified: the one existing between those who have the right competencies to benefit from computer use, and those who do not. These competencies and skills are closely linked to the economic, cultural and social capital of the student.

This finding has important implications for policy and practice. Governments should make an effort to clearly convey the message that computer use matters for the education of young people and do their best to engage teachers and schools in raising the frequency of computer use to a level that becomes relevant. If schools and teachers are really committed to the development of 21st century competencies, such an increase will happen naturally. And only in these circumstances will clear correlations between technology use and educational performance emerge.

  • 11 Mar 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 179

La edición del Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE recoge los avances más recientes en este campo. Proporciona directrices para la utilización de los datos de patentes como indicadores de la ciencia y la tecnología, así como recomendaciones para la recopilación e interpretación de los indicadores de patente. Su objetivo es mostrar para qué pueden y para qué no pueden ser utilizadas las estadísticas de patentes, y cómo deben contabilizarse para obtener la mayor información acerca de las actividades de ciencia y tecnología (CyT) al tiempo que se reduzca el ruido estadístico y el sesgo. Finalmente, describe cómo los datos de patentes pueden emplearse en el análisis de una amplia colección de temas relacionados con el cambio técnico y la actividad de patentes, incluidos los vínculos entre industria-ciencia, estrategias de las empresas a la hora de patentar, internacionalización de la investigación e indicadores del valor de las patentes.

English, French, Chinese

The internationally recognized methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling statistics. This updated edition contains improved guidelines adjusted for chnges in OECD economies, including measurement of service-sector R&D, R&D globalisation, and R&D human resources.

Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, English, Korean, All
  • 22 Jan 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 204

Information communication technologies (ICTs) are crucial to reducing poverty, improving access to health and education services and creating new sources of income and employment for the poor. Being able to access and use ICTs has become a major factor in driving competitiveness, economic growth and social development. In the last decade, ICTs, particularly mobile phones, have also opened up new channels for the free flow of ideas and opinions, thereby promoting democracy and human rights.

The OECD and infoDev joined forces at a workshop on 10-11 September 2009 to examine some of the main challenges in reducing the discrepancies in access to ICTs and use of ICTs between developing countries. The workshop discussed best practices for more coherent and collaborative approaches in support of poverty reduction and meeting the Millennium Development Goals.

There is much work to be done on improving policy coherence and there is a need to engage more actively with partner countries. Making the most of ICTs requires that they are seen as part of innovation for development, rather than just another development tool.

This publication examines access to ICTs, as a precondition to their use; broadband Internet access and governments' role in making it available; developments in mobile payments; ICT security issues; ICTs for improving environmental performance; and the relative priority of ICTs in education.

For more information

infoDev: www.infoDev.org

  • 13 Jan 2010
  • OECD
  • Pages: 279

Eco-innovation will be a key driver of industry efforts to tackle climate change and realise “green growth” in the post-Kyoto era. Eco-innovation calls for faster introduction of breakthrough technologies and for more systemic application of available solutions, including non-technological ones. It also offers opportunities to involve new players, develop new industries and increase competitiveness. Structural change in economies will be imperative in coming decades.

This book presents the research and analysis carried out during the first phase of the OECD Project on Sustainable Manufacturing and Eco-innovation. Its aim is to provide benchmarking tools on sustainable manufacturing and to spur eco-innovation through better understanding of innovation mechanisms. It reviews the concepts and forms an analytical framework; analyses the nature and processes of eco-innovation; discusses existing sustainable manufacturing indicators; examines methodologies for measuring eco-innovation; and takes stock of national strategies and policy initiatives for eco-innovation.

French
  • 03 Dec 2009
  • OECD
  • Pages: 144

At a time when world economy is in the midst of the most severe economic downturn since the Great Depression, the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009 provides the statistical information necessary to define a response to the global challenges accompanying the downturn.

This edition of the  Scoreboard  illustrates and analyses a wide set of indicators of science, technology, globalisation and industrial performance in OECD and major non-OECD countries (notably Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa). Indicators are organised around five issues: responding to the economic crisis, targeting new growth areas, competing in the world economy, connecting to global research, and investing in the knowledge economy. The Scoreboard also includes StatLinks, "clickable" access to the underlying data in Excel® spreadsheets.

French
  • 23 Nov 2009
  • Douglas C. Lippoldt, Piotr Stryszowski
  • Pages: 188

This book throws a spotlight on innovation across the software universe, setting out key issues and highlighting policy perspectives. It spans research and development, invention, production, distribution and use of software in the market. It also covers core innovation themes from a user perspective -- including security and privacy, mobility, interoperability, accessibility and reliability.

  • 20 Nov 2009
  • The World Bank, OECD
  • Pages: 266

Innovation is crucial to long-term economic growth, even more so in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. In this volume, the OECD and the World Bank jointly take stock of how globalisation is posing new challenges for innovation and growth in both developed and developing countries, and how countries are coping with them. The authors discuss options for policy initiatives that can foster technological innovation in the pursuit of faster and sustainable growth.

 

The various chapters highlight how the emergence of an integrated global market affects the impact of national innovation policy. What seemed like effective innovation strategies (e.g. policies designed to strengthen the R&D capacity of domestic firms) are no longer sufficient for effective catch-up. The more open and global nature of innovation makes innovation policies more difficult to design and implement at the national scale alone. These challenges are further complicated by new phenomena, such as global value chains and the fragmentation of production, the growing role of global corporations, and the ICT revolution. Where and why a global corporation chooses to anchor its production affects the playing field for OECD and developing economies alike.

Selected as a 2009 Notable Document by the American Library Association Government Documents Round Table.

Spanish
  • 20 Nov 2009
  • OECD
  • Pages: 224

Innovation has become a key factor for economic growth, but how does the process take place at the level of individual firms? This book presents the main results of the OECD Innovation Microdata Project -- the first large-scale effort to exploit firm-level data from innovation surveys across 20 countries in an internationally harmonised way, with a view to addressing common analytical questions. Through the use of common indicators and econometric modeling, this analytical report presents a broad overview of how firms innovate in different countries, highlights some of the limitations of current innovation surveys, and identifies directions for future research.

Spanish

Pharmacogenetics helps us understand the relationship between an individual’s genetic make-up and the way medicines work for each person. This book reviews the use of pharmacogenetics across all stages of the health innovation cycle from research through to uptake by doctors and patients. It focuses on how to optimise the use of pharmacogenetics to deliver effective innovations for public health, and design policies that enhance their economic and social benefits. The book argues for large-scale studies to validate the biomarkers that underpin pharmacogenetics and policies to share the cost and risk of using  pharmacogenetics to improve the use of existing  medicines. Governments and others need to align regulatory, reimbursement and other incentives and work  with industry to measure better the impacts of pharmacogenetics. Health systems need to take positive steps to adapt to the use of pharmacogenetics and ensure that health professionals receive adequate training.

Les sciences biologiques apportent une valeur ajoutée à de très nombreux biens et services qui sont génériquement réunis sous le terme de « bioéconomie » et les progrès dans ce domaine peuvent aboutir à des avancées socioéconomiques majeures, dans les pays de l’OCDE.  En utilisant des analyses quantitatives des données concernant les innovations en cours et les dépenses de recherche et développement tirées des bases de données privées et publiques, elle estime les évolutions futures dans le domaine des biotechnologies d’ici 2015. Adoptant un point de vue institutionnel plus large, elle examine également les rôles joués par le financement de la recherche et du développement, les ressources humaines, la propriété intellectuelle et la réglementation de la bioéconomie, ainsi que les évolutions futures qui seraient susceptibles d’influer sur les nouveaux modèles économiques. Des scénarios fictifs à l’horizon 2030 sont pris en compte pour encourager les lecteurs à réfléchir sur l’interaction entre les choix de politique économique et les avancées technologiques dans la mise en place de la bioéconomie. Enfin, l’ouvrage étudie les différentes options de politique économique permettant de tirer parti des avantages sociaux, environnementaux et économiques de la bioéconomie.

English
  • 02 Oct 2009
  • OECD
  • Pages: 240
Expecting substantial savings and improved public services – a trend further accentuated by the financial and economic crisis beginning in 2008 – OECD countries have invested in the development of e-government services over the past 10-15 years. However, despite the initial exceptional take-up, governments later saw low adoption and low use of e-government services which are still far from satisfactory today.

This report gives a broad description of the shift in governments' focus on e-government development –  from a government-centric to a user-centric approach. It gives a comprehensive overview of challenges to user take-up of e-government services in OECD countries and of the different types of approaches to improving it. The monitoring and evaluation of user take-up are also discussed, including the existence of formal measurement frameworks. Good practices are presented to illustrate the different concrete approaches used by OECD countries.

  • 02 Oct 2009
  • OECD
  • Pages: 268

Cette publication examine les succès d’importants pôles d’entreprises et d’innovation des pays de l’OCDE, les défis auxquels ceux-ci doivent actuellement faire face pour maintenir leurs positions, ainsi que les enseignements dont pourraient bénéficier d’autres candidats à la création de pôles performants. De quels facteurs clés dépend le succès d’un pôle ? Quels sont les problèmes qui se profilent à l’horizon ? Quel rôle doit exactement jouer le secteur public pour soutenir le développement des pôles et vaincre les différents obstacles ?

Ces questions, et bien d’autres encore, sont abordées par l’ouvrage qui se livre à l’analyse détaillée de sept pôles de renommée internationale : Grenoble, en France ; Vienne, en Autriche ; Waterloo, au Canada ; Dunedin, en Nouvelle-Zélande ; Medicon Valley, en Scandinavie ; Oxfordshire, au Royaume-Uni ; et Madison, aux États-Unis. Pour chacun de ces pôles, le livre examine les facteurs qui ont contribué à son développement, l’impact du pôle sur les performances de l’entrepreneuriat local, et les défis posés par une expansion supplémentaire. Le livre propose également une série de recommandations politiques s’attachant, dans un contexte élargi, à la question du développement des pôles.

Cet ouvrage constitue une lecture essentielle pour tous les décideurs publics, praticiens et universitaires désireux de connaître les bonnes pratiques en matière de développement des pôles et souhaitant obtenir des conseils pour accroître l’impact économique des pôles.

English
  • 29 Sept 2009
  • OECD
  • Pages: 218
Over the past decade, Mexico has made significant progress towards macroeconomic stability and has undertaken important structural reforms to further open the economy to trade and investment, and improve the functioning of markets for goods and services. However, potential gross domestic product (GDP) growth remains much too low to reduce widespread poverty and bridge the wide gap in living standards with wealthier OECD countries. One important reason for this is that Mexico has been slower than those in many competing newly industrialising economies to realise the importance of investment in innovation as a driver of growth and competitiveness.

This book assesses the current status of Mexico’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country’s innovation capabilities.

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